Система времен английского глагола

На примере нижеприведенных таблиц вспомните об основных формах английского глагола, о спряжении английских глаголов в изъявительном наклонении действительного и страдательного залога.

Основные формы глагола

I	II	III	IV
Infinitive	Past Simple	Participle II	Participle I
(to) V	Ved (II ф)	Ved (III ф)	Ving (IVф)
(to) connect	connected	connected	connecting
(to) make	made/wrote	made/written	making/whriting
		Perfect / Passive	Continuous

Таблица форм глагола «to write» в изъявительном наклонении действительного

залога:

	Настоящее (Present)	Прошедшее (Past)	Будущее (Future)	Будущее в прошедшем (Future in the Past)
Indefinite/ Simple	I write я пишу	I wrote я писал (написал)	I shall/will write я буду писать (напишу)	I should write я буду писать (напишу)
Continuous	I am writing я пишу	I was writing я писал	I shall be writing я буду писать	I should be writing я буду писать
Perfect	I have written я написал	I had written я написал	I shall have written я напишу	I should have written я напишу
Perfect Continuous	I have been writing я пишу	I had been writing я писал	I shall have been writing я буду писать	I should have been writing я буду писать

Таблица форм глагола «to write» в страдательном залоге. Инфинитив to be written:

	Present	Past	Future	Future in the Past
Indefinite	The book is written	The book was written	The book will be written	The book would be written
Continuous	The book is being written	The book was being written	-	-
Perfect	The book has been written	The book had been written	The book will have been written	The book would have been written

Упр. 4. Прочтите следующие предложения. Определите форму глагола – сказуемого (залог, время). Переведите предложения.

1. Some blind and partially sighted people use computer-based technology to gain access to printed information. 2. In 1997, a new technology emerged that brought digital sound and video into homes over the world. 3. Since 2006 another revolution with the introduction of Bluе-ray Discs has taken place. 4. Users will be able to connect to the Internet via Wi-Fi.

5. Minicomputers are becoming less popular as microcomputers improve. 6. We have been solving the problem since 1993. 7. Two keys are usually employed, one to encode and the other to decode the information. 8. The separate elements of the building have been manufactured at different factories. 9. Computer Security techniques are being developed to protect single computers from accidental or intentional invasion of data by unauthorized individuals. 10. The new device will have been tested before the chief engineer comes.

Упр. 5. Прочтите текст. Заполните пропуски подходящей формой предложенных глаголов.

Wireless

Originally, radio technology was ________(call) 'wireless telegraphy', which was ___________ (shorten) to 'wireless'. Wireless is an old-fashioned term for a radio transceiver or for a radio receiver. Now the term is __________ (use) to describe modern wireless connections such as those in cellular networks and wireless broadband Internet. In modern usage, wireless is a method of communication that uses low-powered radio waves __________ (transmit) data between devices. The term refers to communication without cables or cords, chiefly using radio frequency and infrared waves. High powered transmission sources usually require government licenses _______________ (broadcast) on a specific wavelength. This broadcast platform which has historically _________ (carry) voice and music, has ___________ (grow) into a large industry, with many thousands of broadcasts around the world. Low-powered radio waves are often unregulated. Wireless is now increasingly ________ _________ (use) by unregulated computer users. Software and hardware developers are ___________ (create) smaller computer networks which form special wireless network, with protocols such as WiFi and ZigBee.

Речевые формулы написания электронного сообщения:

В английском языке приняты разные способы написания: email or e-mail

I`ll email you tomorrow with the dates.

I`m just e-mailing Jenny the dates for the conference.

I`m just checking my email.

Образец электронного сообщения:

From: Mary Jones (Mary.Jones@hotmail.com) (is pronounced: Mary dot Jones at hotmail dot com) – «от кого»

Sent: 21 October 2011 20 : 20 * - «отправлено»

To: John Gales (gales@gopher-systems.com) (is pronounced: Gales at gopher hyphen systems dot com) - «кому»

Subject: – «тема»

Cс: - carbon copy «копия»

Bcc: - blind carbon copy «скрытая копия» (строки cc/ bcc заполняются при необходимости)

* Существует несколько способов написания даты. Одни авторы указывают месяц перед числом (обычно в американском варианте), другие – наоборот. Перед годами можно ставить запятую: March 21 st 2012 21 st March 2012 July 2nd, 2012 2nd July, 2012 Иногда опускаются следующие за числом буквы (st, nd, rd,th): June 1, 2011 5 September, 2010 Иногда дата полностью указывается цифрами, но при этом необходимо помнить о разном порядке их следования в британском и американском вариантах. Британцы на первое место ставят число, а американцы – месяц: Великобритания: 6.4.09 = 6th April 2009, или 6/4/09. США: 1.4.11 = January 4, 2011, или 1/4/11. Mесяцы также имеют сокращенные формы: Jan. January Feb. February Mar. March Apr. April May May June June July July Aug. August Sept. September Oct. October Nov. November Dec. December

Greetings (salutation)

Прочтите и запомните следующие речевые формулы приветствия, которые используются в английском языке при написании электронных сообщений и писем.

More formal

Dear Sir/Dear Madam/Dear Sirs/ Dear Sir/Madam/

Gentlemen (амер.)/Dear colleague/ Dear friends/

Dear Mr. Brown/Dear Ms.[Mistress] Brown (не определяет семейное положение женщины)/ Dear Mrs. Brown/Dear Miss White/

Dear Dr. Harrison/Dear Prof. Green/my dear old friend/

Dear John/Dear Mary.

(После приветствия: Dear Sir и т.д. в Англии ставится запятая, а в США двоеточие. После сокращений Mr., Ms., Mrs., Dr. точка в британском варианте английского языка может отсутствовать).

Less formal

Hello, John

Hi, John

Hi

John

(No greeting)

Endings

Прочтите и запомните следующие заключительные слова и фразы, которые используются в английском языке при написании электронных сообщений и писем.

More formal

Yours faithfully,/Faithfully yours, (обычно употребляется в США, когда вы не знаете имени адресата, т.е. когда вы пишете в начале письма Dear Sir Dear Madam/Dear Sirs/Gentlemen).

Yours affectionately,

Yours sincerely,/Yours very sincerely,

Yours truly, (especially American English)

I have the honour to remain,/I remain,

Yours respectfully,

Regards,/Warmest regards,

Best wishes,

With (my) best wishes and kind regards to Mrs., ---

With kindest regards and thanks for your help,

I look forward to hearing from you,

Sincerely,

Cordially,

Thank you,

Thanking you in advance,

Yours,

(После заключительных формул Yours sincerely и т.д. всегда ставится запятая).

Less formal

Take care,/be careful,

See you,

All the best,

As ever,

Thanks,

Love/Love and all good wishes,

(Only your name, e.g. „Peter,“)

Пример электронного сообщения:

From: Mary Jones (Mary.Jones@ hotmail.com)

Sent: 21 October 2011 20 : 20

To: John Gales (gales@gopher-systems.com)

Subject: My visit to Russia

Cс: - ch.jamerson@gmail.com

Hi John,

How`s it going? Are you okay? I`ve been to Russia. I went to work here on the Scientific Exchange Programme between our two Universities of Communication. It allows students from our Universities to visit scientific establishments for two months.

I hear you and Charles plan to go to Russia in one week too. That would be great! Is it a tourist trip? Inform me about your arrival. I`ll meet you at the airport and show you St. Petersburg. It is a very beautiful city. By the way, it will be a good chance for you to pick up some Russian.

TX (=Thanks)*,

Mary

Tel/

Enc./Enclosure: (в приложении:) Sights of St. Petersburg

* Abbreviations are sometimes used in informal messages.

Some abbreviations are:

BFN by for now

KIT keep in touch

BTW by the way

GR8 great, etc.

Занятие 6 “Telephoning”

Речевые формулы разговора по телефону.

Упр. 1. Прочтите и запомните следующие слова и выражения:

Сall – телефонный вызов, звонок, звонить

Receiver – телефонная трубка

To listen for dialing tone – ждать ответного гудка

Continuous tone – продолжительный гудок

To dial – набирать номер

Dial – диск телефона

Ringing tone – редкие гудки, означающие, что линия свободна

Engaged tone – частые гудки, означающие, что линия занята

Repeated single tone – отдельные повторные гудки

Number unobtainable tone –гудок, означающий, что связи нет

Steady tone –постоянный гудок

To replace the receiver –повесить трубку

To redial – вновь набрать номер телефона

To book a trunk-call – заказывать международный разговор

Duration of a call –продолжительность разговора

To advice duration and charge –указывать продолжительность разговора и его стоимость

Caller – лицо, которое звонит по телефону

The line is busy/engaged – линия занята

Hold on –оставайтесь на линии

To take/to leave a message – принимать/оставлять сообщение

To put through – соединять

Extension - добавочный

Starting a Telephone Talk

Упр. 2. Прочтите и переведите следующие речевые формулы начала телефонного разговора:

1. A: Hello!

B: May I speak to Mr. Stock, please?

A: Speaking.

B: Good morning, Mr. Stock. This is Surikov calling.

A: Good morning, Mr. Surikov.

2. A: Hello.

B: Could I speak to Mr. Ivanov?

A: Who`s calling, please?

B: This is Brown from the University of Communications.

A: Just a minute. I`m putting you through.

I: Ivanov speaking.

3. A: University of Communications. Good morning.

B: Good morning. Could you put me through to Prof. Sokolov?

A: Sorry. The line is engaged. Can you hold on?

B: All right. Thank you.

4. A: Five-seven-three; one-nine-oh-four.

B: Good evening. Can I speak to Mr. Jones, please?

A: Sorry. Mr. Jones is on the other line. Will you wait, please?

B: All right.

A: Sorry to have kept you waiting. I`m putting you through to Mr. Jones..

B: Thank you.

5. A: Hello.

B: Hello. David Black speaking. May I have a word with Mr. Ivanov?

A: I`ll see if he is in. (a minute later). I`m afraid Mr. Ivanov is out at the moment.

B: Could you take a message?

A: Yes, of course./Yes, certainly.

6. A: Hello. May I speak to Mrs. Roberts?

B: Sorry. Mrs. Roberts is not available. Is there any message?

A: No, thank you, I`ll call back later.

B: Right. Goodbye.

7. A: Hello. May I speak with Miss Black for a minute?

B: Hold the line, please.

A: Thank you.

B: Sorry. There is no reply on this number.

8. A: Good afternoon. Can I help you.

B: Good afternoon. I`d like to speak to Mr. Tate.

A: What extension, please?

B: I think it`s twenty-three.

A: Thank you. (After a moment). You are through.

9. A: Hello. I´d like to talk to Mr. Scott?

B: I can`t hear what you are saying. Could you speak up, please.

A: May I talk to Mr. Scott?

B: I`m afraid, you have the wrong number.

A: Oh, sorry, to have troubled/bothered you.

B: That`s quite all right.

Упр. 3. Заполните недостающие предложения:

1. A: May I speak with Mr. Bell?

B: _______________________

A: Could I leave a message for him?

B: _______________________

2. A: Russian Embassy. Good morning.

B: _________________________

A: Sorry. The line is busy.

3. A: Sorry. Mr. Foot is on the other line. Will you hold on, please?

B: _____________________

4. A: ____________________

B: I`ll call back later.

5. A: Sorry to have kept you waiting. Now I`m putting you through.

B: ____________________

6. A: Is there any message?

B: _______________________

7. A: You`ve got the wrong number.

B: ____________________________

A: No problem.

8. A: Sorry. Mr. Sonin is not available. Would you like to leave a message?

B: ___________________

Упр. 4. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения:

1. Говорит Суриков. 2. Соединяю. 3. Говорит Иванов. 4. Вы не могли бы меня соединить с г-ном Соколовым? 5. Номер занят. 6. Г-н Джоунз разговаривает по другому телефону. 7. Извините, что заставил Вас ждать. 8. Г-на Иванова сейчас нет. 9. Подождите минутку, пожалуйста. 10. Я позвоню еще раз позже. 11. Добавочный, пожалуйста. 12. Вы ошиблись номером. 13. Простите за беспокойство. 14. Я Вас плохо слышу, говорите, пожалуйста, громче.

Образцы телефонных разговоров:

Упр. 5. Прочтите и переведите следующие образцы телефонных разговоров:

1. Sergei and Marina Rudins en route to New York are staying for a couple of days in London. Sergei rings up his friend Charles Maxwell.

Sergei: Hello, Charles. This is Sergei Rudin.

Charles: Hello, Sergei. Where are you old boy?

Sergei: Here in London.

Charles: Good. Welcome to London.

Sergei: Marina and I we are looking forward to seeing you.

Charles: How long are you planning to stay in London?

Sergei: Only for two days.

Charles: We haven`t got much time, I`m afraid. Tomorrow we’ll begin with a lunch at our place. Then I’ll take you to see the Buckingham Palace. Sunday morning I`ll take you to the Tower of London which for centuries has served the three purposes – of a fortress, a palace and a prison.

Sergei: Charles, could you show us the Houses of Parliament?

Charles: Of course.

Sergei: Fine. I think that will do for the day. You will be very tired.

Charles: No, one more visit and that is the British Museum.

Sergei: It`s very kind of you, Charles.

Charles: See you tomorrow at 10 o`clock. Bye now.

Sergei: Bye.