Вариант 3 Выполните следующие задания к тексту.

Задание 1. Просмотрите отрывок из текста Invention breeds invention

Wilhelm Roentgen was born on March 27,1845 in Lennep, a small town in Germany. For most of his early life, however, he lived outside Germany. He received his primary education in Holland and went to college in Switzerland.

After completing his college course, Roentgen continued his studies in Switzerland, concentrating on research in physics. In 1888 a new institute of physics was opened at the University of Wurzburg in Bavaria, and Roentgen was invited there. It was there that he discovered his penetrating rays and won world fame.

His mysterious rays, which penetrated cardboard and doors, causing chemicals to luminesce, were called "Roentgen rays" in honour of their discoverer.

Roentgen himself, in view of their mysterious origin gave his rays the mathematical symbol for the unknown. He called them "X-rays", the name by which they are commonly referred to in English.

When Roentgen announced his discovery, the scientific world was amazed. A number of scientists found that they had encountered these mysterious rays earlier. William Crookes, a British scientist who had worked with cathode rays, had noticed several times that photographic film nearby had become fogged. He had thought it accidental and paid no attention. In 1890 A. Goodspeed, an American physicist, had actually produced what we now call an X-ray photograph, but he was not sufficiently interested to follow it up and establish the nature of the phenomenon. Within a few weeks of his discovery, Roentgen was .able to establish many important characteristics X-rays. He demonstrated that X-rays have a much .greater penetrating power than cathode rays and that they are not bent by magnetic or electric fields. Usually years or even decades pass between a new scientific discovery and its practical application. But with X-rays the applications came quickly. Roentgen's discovery was made in November, 1895. His first publication on the subject appeared in December. And already in January, 1896, the broken arm of an American, Edward McCarthy, was set with the help of X-rays. Soon X-rays were in common use in medical practice. Doctors now had a way of looking into the human body quickly, easily, and above all without cutting. Small breaks in bones could be discovered and the beginnings of tuberculosis in the lungs, foreign objects in the stomach— in short, the doctor had a magic eye at his disposal.

In industry, too, X-rays have applications. They can detect internal flaws in the structure of metals, flaws that would be invisible otherwise. In chemical research they are used to probe the structure of crystals and of complex molecules, for example, of proteins. In short, Roentgen's discovery provided a new means of making the invisible visible.

Задание 2. Определите все значения слова tо break по словарю. Подберите перевод этого слова, исходя из контекста.

Задание 3. Поставьте один из модальных глаголов в предложение. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

Mendeleev was wondering how he link up his description of potassium, sodium, litium and other elements into a system. (might, may, must, has to).

Задание 4. 0пределите, чем являются и как переводятся все слова в тексте, которые оканчиваются на - ing. (отглагольное существительное, герундий, причастие).

Задание 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя зависимый и независимый причастные обороты.

Когда Рентген объявил о своем открытии, мир ученых был изумлен.

Закончив обучение в колледже, Рентген продолжил обучение в Швейцарии, проводя исследования в области физики.

Задание 6. Переведите на русский язык, учитывая особенности предлогов и союзов в научно-популярном тексте.

…..for most of his early life

…. concentrating on research in physics

.. with x-rays the applications came quickly

… .was set with the help of x-rays

… .had a way of looking into the human body

Задание 7. Переведите текст на русский язык.

Задание 8. Составьте четыре вопроса на английском языке по содержанию текста.

Задание 9. 0заглавьте текст на английском языке.

Задание 10. Переведите предложение на английский язык.

В тексте говорится о Рентгене, его жизни и об открытии «проникающих» лучей, что принесло ему мировую известность.

Задание 11. Переведите на русский язык известное изречение. Where the telescope ends, the microscope begins. Which of the two has the grander view....? Victor Hugo (1802-1885)