English for Geographers

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23. Use the word in capitals to form a word that fits in the space in the

25. Look at the table above and fill in the correct prepositions:

Health and Fitness

You’ll arrive at the health farm 1) ……… Thursday, that’s 2) ……… .

June 15th. You should try to arrive 3) ……… the morning if you can.

4) ……… the first day we won’t be doing a lot, just resting, so you can go and lie by the pool if you like. You’ll be expected to get up early 5) ……… .

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Friday morning 6) ……… about 7 o’clock. Your day’s programme will be given to you 7) ……... breakfast. 8) ……... the summer we have a lot more guests and so 9) ……… that time you’ll be assigned to your different groups. Lunch will be served 10) ……… noon, and 11) ……… lunch you’ll be given an opportunity to meet the other trainers. There’ll be a rest period 12) ………

the afternoon followed by a swim and sauna for those who are interested. We like to have a bit of a dance 13) ……… Friday night, so bring your party clothes! We will be conducting a period of meditation and relaxation 14) ……… the weekend, but all the trainers will be around to keep you busy. Don’t forget that we are also running a second session 15) ……… August and another one 16) ……… Christmas for those who are interested.

26. Think of the word which best fits each space. Write only one word in each space:

Italy

Italy is a fascinating country, a wonderland of (0) ……… man-made and natural beauty. No (1) ……… where you go in this small but varied country you (2) ……… find something to interest, intrigue (3) ……… delight you. The big cities such (4) ….….. Milan, Rome and Naples are filled

(5) ……… ancient monuments, Renaissance palaces and some of the best examples (6) ……… modern architecture in the world, while smaller cities like Pisa and Siena are well (7) ……… exploring for sights: the famous

Leaning Tower, churches and museums, not to (8) ……… their parks, gardens and surrounding countryside. Because Italy covers (9) ……… a large area (10) ……… north to south, its climate is (11) ……… varied as its sights. (12) ……… in the north you can find lakes, forests and mountains, the far south is a paradise of sunshine, warm sea and sandy beaches. And of course everywhere (13) ……… is the delicious food, which is a good reason for visiting Italy even (14) ……… you have decided to ignore every (15) ………

attraction of this wonderful country.

27. Use the words in capitals to form a word that fits in the space in the same line:

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28. Choose between the past simple and present perfect:

Stella McCartney, Paul McCartney’s daughter, joined/has joined the troubled Paris fashion house Chloe barely a year ago. It took/has taken her just one year to reverse its fortunes. Previously Chloe was/has been virtually invisible as a major force in the world of fashion. But almost single-mindedly she transformed/has transformed Chloe into the most talked about fashion brand in the world. She increased/has increased sales fivefold. Paris didn’t see/hasn’t seen anything like it since the young Yves St. Laurent took/has taken the city by storm 30 years ago.

When she was/has been appointed it was/has been clear she knew /has known what she had /has had to do. “I want to bridge the gap between the consumer and the press. At the moment fashion is just sort of stuck in the middle”.

So far, Stella stuck/has stuck to her philosophy of avoiding outrageous and uncommercial catwalk creations. She kept/has kept to the simple philosophy of designing clothes that she or her friends would want to wear.

29. Fill in since or for:

I have wanted to visit France ever ……… I entered college. I have been learning about French history and culture ……… the past two years, and have recently been looking into the possibility of studying in France ………

one month this summer. I have dreamed about strolling in the grounds of the

Palace of Versailles ……… so long. ……… began my studies, I have become aware of the significant contributions that French leaders, writers, artists and scholars have made to the world. My professor has been travelling to France

………over 20 years and he is still fascinated by its beauty and culture.

………his first trip in 1965, he has written many books about his travels there which are highly regarded all over the world.

30. Think of the word which best fits each space. Write only one word in each space:

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Stonehenge

Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument (… on) an area of land called

Salisbury Plain – about seven miles north of the town of Salisbury in England.

Stonehenge consists ……… a series of stone settings arranged ………

a circle and is considered one of the ……… complex stone circles in the world. Built as a religious temple, Stonehenge was first recorded ……… John Aubrey in the 17th century, although excavation of the site did not begin

……… 1919. Research has shown that there were three main periods of construction, beginning around 1800 BC and finishing ……… the 15th century BC, when Stonehenge ……… completely reconstructed. The fact that the monument is ……… large implies that many people must ……… worked together in a team to help build it. There has always been controversy ………

the exact function of Stonehenge. Although ……… is no doubt that it had religious importance, it was also known to have a special significance ………

regard to the sun. Records show that the site was used ……… a place of worship during the summer months and especially ……… June 21st, the longest day of the year. Today, Stonehenge is a major tourist attraction and is still believed to have a spiritual force, ……… to this day.

31.Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word related to natural disasters:

1.Forest fire, earthquake, drought, tidal waves, famine, flood

2.Many people went without water for days during the ……… .

3.……… often occurs in hot countries, where it is difficult to grow food because there is no rain.

4.In a ……… you should leave your house in case it collapses.

5.The ……… was so severe that whole houses were washed away.

6.When he saw the glow in the hills, Jim phoned the police to

report a(n) …. .

7. ……… have been known to crash over coastal towns, destroying them completely.

32. Complete the following text with the correct derivative of the word in bold:

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33.Think of the word which best fits in each space. Write only one word in each gap:

Most people dream ……… becoming rich and famous, but is that

……… success is really about? It is a fact that many people who have

…………… fame and wealth are far ……… happy with their lives. They worry constantly ……… their money and reputation. They are rarely satisfied

……… what they have. Singers may lose their popularity, athletes ………

injured and can no ……… perform well, and rich business people may lose their money ……… making risky deals. The best ……… to be happy with oneself and one’s life is to reconsider what success really is. All people must realise that human values and qualities are ……… more important ………

material things. A job no matter ……… humble, which is done with interest and care, is ……… as much as instant fame. Being close to your family and having friends you can trust and depend ……… also make for a happy, successful life. These are the things that really count, and give you the right to consider ……… a success.

34.Read the text. Some lines are correct and some have a word which should not be there, cross that word out:

The Loch Ness Monster

0 I spent the whole of last summer with my aunt

00 who she lives in a small cottage near Loch Ness, in

1 Scotland. It was very exciting because I thought I might 2 get a chance to see the monster, so the every day I

3 went for fishing on the Loch, always remembering to take 4 my camera with me – just in the case.

5 It was a Sunday afternoon when my wish came as true. 6 I had been on the Loch for about an hour when

7 I heard to a strange sound behind me. I looked round

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8 And saw at some bubbles on the surface of the water. 9 Suddenly, no more than three metres far away, a big 10 Head had came out of the water – it was the monster! 11 I ran to the other end of the boat to fetch my camera, 12 But in my excitement I tipped the boat over, which 13 Sent me and all from my things into the Loch.

14 My camera was being lost, and by the time I looked 15 Round again, the monster had disappeared.

35. For questions 1-15, read the text and decide which word A, B, C or D best fits each space:

Last summer, air pollution in Paris reached dangerous 0) ……… on six separate occasions. As a result, the government have recently decided that public transport in French cities will be 1) ……… on days when pollution becomes a 2) ……… to people’s health, in a(n) 3) ……… to encourage people to leave their cars at home.

The Mayor of Paris said that he had several other ideas to reduce the pollution problem, such as free parking on the. 4) ……… of the city on hot, still days when exhaust fumes tend to accumulate. He has also 5) ………

a $6 million plan for 56 km of bicycle tracks, new pedestrianised 6) ………

and a new tram 7) ……… for southern Paris. His most popular measure 8) ……… becoming mayor last May has been to 9) ……… traffic from several streets on Sundays.

Every summer, air quality is at its 10) ……… in Paris during holiday weekends, especially one weekend in July when the 11) ……… of the population leave by car for their summer holidays. 12) ……… then improve for the summer, but deteriorate again when most residents return at the end of

August. The free transport 13) ……… is part of the response to a new environmental regulation which says that local authorities must guarantee. 14) ……… air. If it is 15) ……… seriously, locals can look forward to

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Developing countries

There are (0) ……… 140 countries which (1) ……… to the Third World and which are (2) …....... as developing, less developed and poor countries. Although there are great (3) ……… between them, they do have a number of (4) ……… in common. For (5) ……… , much of the Third World is in poverty. A few exceptions to this rule are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Libya. However, because the economies of these three countries

(6) ……… largely on one export, oil, they are still vulnerable in the world market. Most of the developing countries (7) ……… have very little industry. Farming is often the only (8) ……… in which the country can make money.

(9) ……… worse, many of the countries only produce enough food to

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(10) ……… their own populations alive. India is a classic example of this, as

(11) …….… less than 70 % of its more than a billion people work the land (12) ……… a living. Another feature which links less developed countries is life expectancy. People die younger in the Third World because of the poverty in (13) ……… they live. The poor have much less healthy diets (14) ………

in developed countries, and health care is also more (15) ……… to be inadequate.

38. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space:

World Population

By 1993 ……… world’s human population had reached 5.5 thousand million, and ……… the growth has slowed ……… in recent years, it will be many decades ……… it stops. The reason ……… this growth is causing so

……… concern is that we cannot keep up ……… demand for food, water, healthcare, jobs, education and housing. It also increases the likelihood of damage ……… the environment. Much of the growth has been in the poorer countries of the world, but overpopulation is also a problem for some rich countries, including Britain. ……… a population of approximately 58 million, Britain has 233 inhabitants ……… square kilometre. Furthermore, it is estimated that the ……… of people in the country will have increased to 62 million by 2031, at ……… time it will start to decline again. Populations

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not ……… increase because of higher birth rates, but also because of people moving from poor to rich countries, and from the countryside to the towns. In

……… , the latter cause is greater ……… general population growth and is creating many problems in the towns and cities, especially in poorer parts of the world.

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