12. Done. You should get the following console output :

Section 138.3: Online Compilers

Various websites provide online access to C++ compilers. Online compiler's feature set vary significantly from site to site, but usually they allow to do the following:

Paste your code into a web form in the browser.

Select some compiler options and compile the code.

Collect compiler and/or program output.

Online compiler website behavior is usually quite restrictive as they allow anyone to run compilers and execute arbitrary code on their server side, whereas ordinarily remote arbitrary code execution is considered as vulnerability.

Online compilers may be useful for the following purposes:

Run a small code snippet from a machine which lacks C++ compiler (smartphones, tablets, etc.).

Ensure that code compiles successfully with di erent compilers and runs the same way regardless the compiler it was compiled with.

Learn or teach basics of C++.

Learn modern C++ features (C++14 and C++17 in near future) when up-to-date C++ compiler is not available on local machine.

Spot a bug in your compiler by comparison with a large set of other compilers. Check if a compiler bug was fixed in future versions, which are unavailable on your machine.

Solve online judge problems.

What online compilers should not be used for:

Develop full-featured (even small) applications using C++. Usually online compilers do not allow to link with third-party libraries or download build artifacts.

Perform intensive computations. Sever-side computing resources are limited, so any user-provided program will be killed after a few seconds of execution. The permitted execution time is usually enough for testing and learning.

Attack compiler server itself or any third-party hosts on the net.

Examples:

Disclaimer: documentation author(s) are not a liated with any resources listed below. Websites are listed alphabetically.

http://codepad.org/ Online compiler with code sharing. Editing code after compiling with a source code warning or error does not work so well.

http://coliru.stacked-crooked.com/ Online compiler for which you specify the command line. Provides both GCC and Clang compilers for use.

http://cpp.sh/ - Online compiler with C++14 support. Does not allow you to edit compiler command line, but some options are available via GUI controls.

https://gcc.godbolt.org/ - Provides a wide list of compiler versions, architectures, and disassembly output. Very useful when you need to inspect what your code compiles into by di erent compilers. GCC, Clang, MSVC (CL), Intel compiler (icc), ELLCC, and Zapcc are present, with one or more of these compilers available for the ARM, ARMv8 (as ARM64), Atmel AVR, MIPS, MIPS64, MSP430, PowerPC, x86, and x64 architecutres. Compiler command line arguments may be edited.

https://ideone.com/ - Widely used on the Net to illustrate code snippet behavior. Provides both GCC and Clang for use, but doesn't allow you to edit the compiler command line.

http://melpon.org/wandbox - Supports numerous Clang and GNU/GCC compiler versions.

http://onlinegdb.com/ - An extremely minimalistic IDE that includes an editor, a compiler (gcc), and a debugger (gdb).

http://rextester.com/ - Provides Clang, GCC, and Visual Studio compilers for both C and C++ (along with compilers for other languages), with the Boost library available for use.

http://tutorialspoint.com/compile_cpp11_online.php - Full-featured UNIX shell with GCC, and a user-friendly project explorer.

http://webcompiler.cloudapp.net/ - Online Visual Studio 2015 compiler, provided by Microsoft as part of

// Generates executable "main.exe".

To rename or relocate the executable, use one of the following:

cl /o name main.cpp

// Generates executable named "name.exe".

cl /o folder\ main.cpp

// Generates executable named "main.exe", in folder "%cd%\folder".

cl /o folder\name main.cpp

// Generates executable named "name.exe", in folder "%cd%\folder".

cl /Fename main.cpp // Same as "/o name".

cl /Fefolder\ main.cpp // Same as "/o folder\".

cl /Fefolder\name main.cpp // Same as "/o folder\name".

Both /o and /Fe pass their parameter (let's call it o-param) to link as /OUT:o-param, appending the appropriate extension (generally .exe or .dll) to "name" o-params as necessary. While both /o and /Fe are to my knowledge identical in functionality, the latter is preferred for Visual Studio. /o is marked as deprecated, and appears to mainly be provided for programmers more familiar with GCC or Clang.

Note that while the space between /o and the specified folder and/or name is optional, there cannot be a space between /Fe and the specified folder and/or name.

Similarly, to produce an optimised executable (for use in production), use:

cl /O1 main.cpp

//Optimise for executable size. Produces small programs, at the possible expense of slower

//execution.

cl /O2 main.cpp

//Optimise for execution speed. Produces fast programs, at the possible expense of larger

//file size.

cl /GL main.cpp other.cpp

//Generates special object files used for whole-program optimisation, which allows CL to

//take every module (translation unit) into consideration during optimisation.

//Passes the option "/LTCG" (Link-Time Code Generation) to LINK, telling it to call CL during

//the linking phase to perform additional optimisations. If linking is not performed at this

//time, the generated object files should be linked with "/LTCG".

//Can be used with other CL optimisation options.

Finally, to produce a platform-specific optimized executable (for use in production on the machine with the specified architecture), choose the appropriate command prompt or VCVARSALL parameter for the target platform. link should detect the desired platform from the object files; if not, use the /MACHINE option to explicitly specify the target platform.

// If compiling for x64, and LINK doesn't automatically detect target platform: cl main.cpp /link /machine:X64

Any of the above will produce an executable with the name specified by /o or /Fe, or if neither is provided, with a name identical to the first source or object file specified to the compiler.