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Методика проведения патентных исследований
4.ɂɲɤɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱦ., ɋɬɟɩɚɧɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ: ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ⱥ.Ⱦ. ɂɲɤɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɆȽɋɍ, 2012. – 132 ɫ.
5.ɂɉɋ ɎȽȻɍ Ɏɂɉɋ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – URL:
http://www1.fips.ru/wps/wcm/connect/content_ru/ru/inform_resources/info rm_retrieval_system (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 04.04.2013).
6. Google patents [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – URL: https://www.google.ru/?tbm=pts (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 04.04.2013).
P.N. Noskov, S.I. Vakhrushev
TECHNIQUE OF CARRYING OUT OF PATENT RESEARCHES IN THE FIELD OF ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES OF PILES
The information on patent researches is presented and also the technique of carrying out of patent researches by means of services of Federal state budgetary establishment “Federal institute of the industrial property” and Google patents is given.
Keywords: patent search, patent researches, Federal institute of the industrial property, Google patents, electric discharge manufacturing.
Ɉɛ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɯ
ɇɨɫɤɨɜ ɉɚɜɟɥ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɜɢɱ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɉɇɂɉɍ
(e-mail: spstf@pstu.ac.ru).
ȼɚɯɪɭɲɟɜ ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɢɱ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɯ-
ɧɢɤɚ» ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɉɇɂɉɍ (e-mail: spstf@pstu.ac.ru).
About the authors
Noskov Pavel Nikolaevich (Perm, Russia) – graduate student, Department of Building production and geotechnics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (e-mail: spstf@pstu.ac.ru).
Vakhrushev Sergey Ivanovich (Perm, Russia) – Candidate of Technics, Associate Professor, Department of Building production and geotechnics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (e-mail: spstf@pstu.ac.ru).
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ 29.03.2013
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ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɇɂɉɍ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ. ʋ 2. 2013
ɍȾɄ 624.04
Ɇ.ɘ. Ɉɜɫɹɧɧɢɤɨɜ, ɋ.Ƚ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ
ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂȿ ɊȺɋɑȿɌɇɈȽɈ ɉɈɅɈɀȿɇɂə ɉɈȾȼɂɀɇɈɃ ɇȺȽɊɍɁɄɂ ɎȿɊɆɕ ɀȿɅȿɁɇɈȾɈɊɈɀɇɈȽɈ ɆɈɋɌȺ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ – ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɜ ɮɟɪɦɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɲɩɪɟɧɝɟɥɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɠɚɹ ɨɞɧɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɮɟɪɦɵ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɠɚɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɤɬɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɜɟɞɶ ɫɧɢɡɢɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɟɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɢ, ɬɪɚɦɜɚɢ, ɩɨɟɡɞɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɣ ɦɨɫɬ, ɮɟɪɦɚ, ɲɩɪɟɧɝɟɥɶ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɮɟɪɦɚ, ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ, ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ, ɫɠɚɬɢɟ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɧɟɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ (ɪɢɫ. 1) ɮɟɪɦɵ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɚ (ɪɢɫ. 2), ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɢ- ɥɢɹɜɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɧɢɠɧɟɝɨɩɨɹɫɚɮɟɪɦɵ7–8 ɢɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨɩɨɹɫɚ7'–10'.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ (ɫɥɟɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ). Ɉɫɶ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ (ɨɫɶ ɯ) ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɤ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɲɚɪɧɢɪɧɨ-ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɨɩɨɪɟ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɮɟɪɦɵ. Ƚɪɭɡɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɹɫ ɮɟɪɦɵ – ɧɢɠɧɢɣ.
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɮɟɪɦɵ ɦɨɫɬɚ
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɏɟɪɦɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɚ
ȼ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɹɪɭɫɧɵɣ ɲɩɪɟɧɝɟɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɩɨɹɫɟ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɭɡɥɵ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɩɨɹɫɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɲɩɪɟɧɝɟɥɶ 7–8–10–8'.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ, ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɟɪɦɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɞɜɭɯɴɹɪɭɫɧɵɣ ɲɩɪɟɧɝɟɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɫ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɲɩɪɟɧɝɟɥɶ 7'–10'–9'–9–7–10.
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟ 7–8. ɋɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ 7–8 ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɮɟɪɦɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɲɩɪɟɧɝɟɥɸ 7–8–10–8'. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ U7–8 ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɮɟɪɦɟ (ɮɟɪɦɟ ɛɟɡ ɲɩɪɟɧɝɟɥɟɣ) (ɪɢɫ. 3) ɢ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɲɩɪɟɧɝɟɥɟ (ɪɢɫ. 4).
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ I–I ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɮɟɪɦɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɡɥɚ 10'.
Ɋɢɫ. 3. Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ U7–8 ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɮɟɪɦɟ
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Ɇ.ɘ. Ɉɜɫɹɧɧɢɤɨɜ, ɋ.Ƚ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ
ȿɫɥɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɝɪɭɡ P = 1 ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɵ:
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Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ ɭɡɥɚ 7 ɲɩɪɟɧɝɟɥɹ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɩɨɹɫ (ɪɢɫ. 4).
Ɋɢɫ. 4. Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ U7–8 ɜ ɲɩɪɟɧɝɟɥɟ 7–8–10–8'
¦M8' 0;
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Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ U7–8 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.
Ɋɢɫ. 5. Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ U7–8
Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ [1, 2]. Ⱦɥɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ U7–8 ɷɬɚ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ 1,5625, ɢ ɟɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ ɯ = 28 ɦ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɜɫɟɝɨ 9 ɝɪɭɡɨɜ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ 9 ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦɢ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɜɫɟ 9 ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɝɞɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɬɨɥɛɟɰ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ 9 ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
(ɬɚɛɥ. 1).
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 1
Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ
ɇɨɦɟɪ ɝɪɭɡɚ |
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Ʉɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ x |
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1 |
11,4 |
13 |
17 |
18,6 |
21,6 |
23,2 |
24,8 |
26,4 |
28 |
2 |
13 |
14,6 |
18,6 |
20,2 |
23,2 |
24,8 |
26,4 |
28 |
29,6 |
3 |
14,6 |
16,2 |
20,2 |
21,8 |
24,8 |
26,4 |
28 |
29,6 |
31,2 |
4 |
16,2 |
17,8 |
21,8 |
23,4 |
26,4 |
28 |
29,6 |
31,2 |
32,8 |
5 |
17,8 |
19,4 |
23,4 |
25 |
28 |
29,6 |
31,2 |
32,8 |
34,4 |
6 |
20,8 |
22,4 |
26,4 |
28 |
31 |
32,6 |
34,2 |
35,8 |
37,4 |
7 |
22,4 |
24 |
28 |
29,6 |
32,6 |
34,2 |
35,8 |
37,4 |
39 |
8 |
26,4 |
28 |
32 |
33,6 |
36,6 |
38,2 |
39,8 |
41,4 |
43 |
9 |
28 |
29,6 |
33,6 |
35,2 |
38,2 |
39,8 |
41,4 |
43 |
44,6 |
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɝɪɭɡɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
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Ɇ.ɘ. Ɉɜɫɹɧɧɢɤɨɜ, ɋ.Ƚ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ
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0,9375 |
x, |
x >0; 24@ >32; 36@ |
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36 |
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° |
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1,5625 |
0,625 (x 24), |
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°0,625 |
x >24; 28@ |
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y |
° |
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4 |
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® |
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1,5625 0,833 (x 28), |
x >28; 32@ |
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°1,5625 |
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° |
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4 |
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° |
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3,75 |
x >36; 60@ |
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48 x, |
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¯3,75 |
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ɉɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟ 7–8 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
U7 8 ¦9 yi Pi .
i 1
ɋɜɟɞɟɦ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 2.
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 2 Ɉɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟ 7–8
ɇɨɦɟɪ |
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Ɉɪɞɢɧɚɬɚ ɭ |
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Ɋ |
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ɝɪɭɡɚ |
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1 |
0,30 |
0,34 |
0,44 |
0,48 |
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0,56 |
0,60 |
0,81 |
1,19 |
1,56 |
200 |
2 |
0,34 |
0,38 |
0,48 |
0,53 |
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0,60 |
0,81 |
1,19 |
1,56 |
1,27 |
200 |
3 |
0,38 |
0,42 |
0,53 |
0,57 |
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0,81 |
1,19 |
1,56 |
1,27 |
0,98 |
200 |
4 |
0,42 |
0,46 |
0,57 |
0,61 |
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1,19 |
1,56 |
1,27 |
0,98 |
0,85 |
200 |
5 |
0,46 |
0,51 |
0,61 |
0,86 |
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1,56 |
1,27 |
0,98 |
0,85 |
0,90 |
200 |
6 |
0,54 |
0,58 |
1,19 |
1,56 |
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1,02 |
0,85 |
0,89 |
0,93 |
0,83 |
180 |
7 |
0,58 |
0,63 |
1,56 |
1,27 |
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0,85 |
0,89 |
0,93 |
0,83 |
0,70 |
180 |
8 |
1,19 |
1,56 |
0,83 |
0,88 |
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0,89 |
0,77 |
0,64 |
0,52 |
0,39 |
180 |
9 |
1,56 |
1,27 |
0,88 |
0,92 |
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0,77 |
0,64 |
0,52 |
0,39 |
0,27 |
180 |
U7–8 |
1077,71 |
1149,38 |
1328,54 |
1441,88 |
1579,58 |
1653,75 |
1698,75 |
1650,83 |
1506,25 |
– |
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɜ U7–8 ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ 9 ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ (ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ) ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ, ɪɚɜɧɨɟ 1698,75 ɤɇ (ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ), ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɧɚɞ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ (28 ɦ). ɗɬɨ ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ 7–8.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
1. Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜ ȼ.Ⱥ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ: ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ. – 4-ɟ ɢɡɞ., ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ. ɢ ɞɨɩ. – Ɇ.: ɋɬɪɨɣɢɡɞɚɬ, 1986. – 520 ɫ.
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Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɮɟɪɦɵ ɦɨɫɬɚ
2. Ȼɚɥɚɛɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ: ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞ. ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɲ. ɩɪɨɮ. ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. – Ɍ. 1. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, 2012. – 304 ɫ.
M.Yu. Ovsyannikov, S.G. Kuznetsova
DETERMINATION OF THE ESTIMARED POSITION OF THE MOVING LOAD OF TRUSS RAILWAY BRIDGE
The estimated position of the moving loadis a position where we have the greatest internal forces, tension and deformations (extension, compression) in element of construction or construction in general.Constructions should be calculated on such forces.We can usesub-diagonals in trusses to reduce these parameters. They work for thelocal load. It leads to unloading of some elements and loading of other elements.First of all, the solutions are dictated from the economic aspect.If we reduce the internal forces in the elements of the construction,then we can save material needed for its manufacture.In the roleof a moving loadcanbe cars, trams, trains and other transport.
Keywords: railway bridge, truss, sub-diagonal, the main truss, moving load, local load, the estimated position of the load, the balance, the longitudinal force, extension, compression.
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɯ
Ɉɜɫɹɧɧɢɤɨɜ Ɇɢɯɚɢɥ ɘɪɶɟɜɢɱ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɤɚ-
ɮɟɞɪɵ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɉɇɂɉɍ (e-mail: mihovs@yandex.ru).
Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ɋɜɟɬɥɚɧɚ Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜɧɚ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɤɚɧɞ. ɬɟɯɧ.
ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɉɇɂɉɍ.
About the authors
Ovsyannikov Mikhail Yurievich (Perm, Russia) – student, Department of Structural mechanics and computer engineering, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (e-mail: mihovs@yandex.ru).
Kuznetsova Svetlana Grigorievna (Perm, Russia) – Candidate of Technics, Associate Professor, Department of Structural mechanics and computer engineering, Perm National Research Polytechnic University.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ 11.03.2013
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ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɇɂɉɍ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ. ʋ 2. 2013
ɍȾɄ 624.138
Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, ȼ.Ƚ. Ɉɮɪɢɯɬɟɪ
ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ
ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɂ ɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɕ ɂɋɋɅȿȾɈȼȺɇɂɃ ȽȿɈɋɂɇɌȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɂ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ɋɞɟɥɚɧ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɩɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ.
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɵ, ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɚɪɦɨɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ.
ȼɦɢɪɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɹɜɢɥ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɘ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɥɢɜɟɪɚ, ȼ.Ɏ. Ȼɚɪɜɚɲɨɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɪɬɨɥɨɦɟɹ, ȼ.Ⱦ. Ʉɚɡɚɪɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ, Ɍ.ɉ. Ʉɚɲɚɪɢɧɨɣ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉɢɦɚ, ȿ.ɂ. Ʉɨɧɞɚɤɨɜɚ, ɉ.Ⱥ. Ʉɨɧɨɜɚɥɨɜɚ, Ʌ.ȼ. ɇɭɠɞɢɧɚ, ɇ.ɇ. Ɋɭɫɚɤɚ, Ʌ.Ɇ. Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜɨɣ,
ȿ.ȼ. ɓɟɪɛɢɧɵ, ȼ.Ɇ. ɘɦɚɲɟɜɚ, A. Alexiew, H. Brandl, J.P. Giroud, R.M. Koerner, A. Paul, H. Perrier, J. Sobolewski, S. Schwerdt ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɧɟɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɭɳɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɧɢ-
ɡɢɬɶ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-
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Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɚɯ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɦ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ – ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɤɚ.
ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ȼ.Ƚ. Ɉɮɪɢɯɬɟɪɚ [3], ȿ.ȼ. ɓɟɪɛɢɧɵ [1].
ȼ.Ƚ. Ɉɮɪɢɯɬɟɪ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [2] ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɨɬɤɨɫɨɜ, ɧɚɫɵɩɟɣ, ɜɵɟɦɨɤ, ɞɚɦɛ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɨɜ ɞɟɩɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ.
ȿ.ȼ. ɓɟɪɛɢɧɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ [1] ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɝɟɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ȿ.ȼ. ɓɟɪɛɢɧɨɣ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɝɟɨɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ.
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ Ʌ.Ɇ. Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜɨɣ [3]. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɪɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɫɱɚɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɥɨɬɤɟ ɫ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɦ ɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɨɣ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɇȾɋ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɵɥɟɜɚɬɨɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɝɪɭɧɬɚɯ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɪɹɞɧɵɦ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɨɣ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ȼ.ɂ. Ʉɥɟɜɟɤɨ [4]. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɧ ɜɜɟɥ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Kɚɪɦ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ (ɪɢɫ. 1). Ⱦɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɜɭɯɫɥɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɜɧɚɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɚɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɢ.
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Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɟɜ, ȼ.Ƚ. Ɉɮɪɢɯɬɟɪ
Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ Kɚɪɦ ɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ
Ⱦ.Ƚ. Ɂɨɥɨɬɨɡɭɛɨɜɵɦ [5] ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ, ɚɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɟɦ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɪɚɫɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɚɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɢ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɧɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɞ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɪɚɡɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ, ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɢɞ ɚɪɤɢ («ɧɟɫɭɳɢɣ ɫɜɨɞ») ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ (ɪɢɫ. 2).
Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɫɭɳɟɝɨ (ɚɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ) ɫɜɨɞɚ ɧɚɞ ɡɨɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ: 1 – ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ; 2 – ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ; 3 – ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ;
4 – ɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɨɬɟɤɫɬɢɢɥɶ
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