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Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɦ ɤɪɚɟ

ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɟɪɮɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɥɢɬɤɢ (ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɰɢɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫɧɢɡɭ). ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɴɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 1–3 ɤȼɬ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɣɤɭ.

Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɚɥɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɚɥɶɲɩɨɥɚ

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɚɥɶɲɩɨɥɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨ 5 ɤȼɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɣɤɚɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɲɤɚɮɭ. Ɍɟɩɥɨɫɴɟɦ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ 8 ɤȼɬ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɣɤɭ, ɧɨ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɭ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɨɣɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɶɫɹ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɮɚɥɶɲɩɨɥɚ, ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɡɨɧɵ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢɡ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɮɚɥɶɲɩɨɥ. Ⱥ ɟɫɥɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɭ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ, ɬɨ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɫɨɫɚɬɶ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɚɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɣ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɫɧɢɠɚɹ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɨɬɜɨɞ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɨɬ ɫɬɨɟɤ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɧɟ ɜ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɣ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ, ɚ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɵɬɹɠɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɩɥɚ ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɦ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɨɦ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɢ ɞɨ

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ȼ.Ɏ. ɋɨɧɢɱ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ȼɭɪɤɨɜ

10 ɤȼɬ ɬɟɩɥɚ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɚɥɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɚɥɶɲɩɨɥɚ ɢ ɮɚɥɶɲɩɨɬɨɥɤɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɚɥɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɚɥɶɲɩɨɥɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɵɬɹɠɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ

Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɪɹɞɚ (ɪɢɫ. 3). ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ ɲɤɚɮɨɜ ɫ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ ɢ ɡɚɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɣ ɢɡ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ.

Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɪɹɞɚ

ȼɵɝɨɞɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɡɚɥɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɤɨɪɨɱɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɸ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɚ, ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ

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Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɦ ɤɪɚɟ

(ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɨɟɤ), ɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɵ ɦɨɳɧɵɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɥɶɲɩɨɥɚ, ɧɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ.

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɬɨɟɤ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɚɮɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ, ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ, ɧɟ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɸɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɨɣ. ɗɬɨ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɧɨ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ 50 ɤȼɬ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɨɬ ɫɬɨɣɤɢ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ.

ɋɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ ɫ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ (ɮɪɢɤɭɥɢɧɝ). ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɦ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɸɳɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɸ (ɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɷɬɢɥɟɧɝɥɢɤɨɥɹ) ɥɢɛɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ ɩɨɞɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɟɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɭ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ. Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɟɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɵ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɦ ɫɬɟɧɚɦ. ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɧɬɚɠ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɫɜɟɠɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɬɨɤɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɦɢ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɢɧɚɱɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɪɨɟɬ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ [5].

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ȼ.Ɏ. ɋɨɧɢɱ, Ⱥ.ɂ. Ȼɭɪɤɨɜ

ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚɯ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɰɢɡɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɵ ɩɨɤɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɧɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ. ɇɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨ ɞɨɪɨɝɢɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ.

Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ

1.Ɋɟɡɧɢɤɨɜ Ƚ.ȼ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɟɰɢɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫ «ɝɢɛɤɨɣ» ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɣ // ɀɭɪɧɚɥ ɋ.Ɉ.Ʉ. – 2002. – ʋ 10.

2.ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ / ȼ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶɟɜ [ɢ ɞɪ.]. – Ɇ.: ȿɜɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬ: Ⱦɢɤɫɢɫ Ɍɪɟɣɞɢɧɝ, 2001.

3.ɋɇ 512–78. ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ / Ƚɨɫɫɬɪɨɣ ɋɋɋɊ. – Ɇ., 1978.

4.ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɫɫ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ. – 1998.

5.ɋɚɣɤɨ ȼ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɋɢɫɬɟɦ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɥɟɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ // ɀɭɪɧɚɥ ɋ.Ɉ.Ʉ. – 2006. – ʋ 11.

6.Ʉɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɜɟɪɧɨɣ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – URL: http://tgv.khstu.ru/downloads/tezis_Yacura_2010.pdf.

7.ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɟɰɢɡɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Emicon [ɗɥɟɤ-

ɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – URL: //www.condipro.ru.

8.Ʉɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɵ Daikin [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – URL:http://daikin-cg.ru/daikin-page14.shtml.

9.ɋɉ 131.13330.2012. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ / Ɇɢɧ-ɜɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧ. ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɨɫ. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. – Ɇ., 2012.

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Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɦ ɤɪɚɟ

V.F. Sonich, A.I. Burkov

TO THE QUESTION OF THE APPLICATION

OF PRECISION AIR CONDITIONERS

IN PERM REGION

The basic requirements for the parameters of air in the hardware installation. The advantages and disadvantages of precision and comfort air conditioning used in the server, cooling scheme described. The use low outside air for free cooling of precision air conditioners is promising area.

Keywords: air conditioning split systems, precision air conditioners, server room, cooling scheme server, free cooling.

Oɛ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɯ

ɋɨɧɢɱ ȼɢɤɬɨɪ Ɏɟɥɢɤɫɨɜɢɱ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «Ɍɟɩɥɨɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ» ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɉɇɂɉɍ (e-mail: tgv-kafedra@yandex.ru).

Ȼɭɪɤɨɜ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɢɱ (ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ) – ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ «Ɍɟɩɥɨɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ» ɎȽȻɈɍ ȼɉɈ ɉɇɂɉɍ (e-mail: aleburkov1@yandex.ru).

About the authors

Sonich Viktor Feliksovich (Perm, Russia) – student, Department of Heating, ventilation and water supply, sewerage, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (e-mail: tgv-kafedra@yandex.ru).

Burkov Alexandr Ivanovich (Perm, Russia) – Candidate of Technics, Associate Professor, Department of Heating, ventilation and water supply, sewerage, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (e-mail: aleburkov1@yandex.ru).

ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ 18.03.2013

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ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɇɂɉɍ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ. ʋ 2. 2013

ɍȾɄ 72.035

Ɍ.Ⱥ. ɋɩɢɪɨɜɚ, Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɒɭɬɨɜɚ

ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ

ɌȼɈɊɑȿɋɄɈȿ ɇȺɋɅȿȾɂȿ ȺɊɏɂɌȿɄɌɈɊȺ Ⱥ.Ȼ. ɌɍɊɑȿȼɂɑȺ

ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɸɪɨ Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ – ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɣ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɢɢ (ɤɨɧɟɰ XIX – ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɏɏ ɜ.), ɫɨɡɞɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ 150 ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɍɪɚɥɟ,

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ, ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ ɍɪɚɥɚ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɛɸɪɨ, ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜɵɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ.

ȼɦɚɪɬɟ 2013 ɝ. ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɥɨɫɶ 125 ɥɟɬ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢ-

ɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɸɪɨ Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ, ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɜ ɝ. ɉɟɪɦɢ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɩɨ ɫɟɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɭɤɪɚɲɚɸɬ ɝɨɪɨɞ ɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɭ ɫɬɨɹɬ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɝɪɚɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ. Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɦɚ Ɇɟɲɤɨɜɚ, ɩɚɪɨɯɨɞɱɢɤɚ Ʌɸɛɢɦɨɜɚ, ɤɭɩɰɚ Ƚɪɢɛɭɲɢɧɚ.

Ɂɧɚɤɨɦɹɫɶ ɫ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɍɪɚɥɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢ XIX ɜ. ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ XX, ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨ ɜɵɹɫɧɹɟɲɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɍɪɚɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɦɫɤɢɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɛɸɪɨ Ⱥ. Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ.

Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪ Ȼɨɧɚɜɟɧɬɭɪɨɜɢɱ Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱ ɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ 26 ɮɟɜɪɚɥɹ 1855 ɝ. ɜ ɞɜɨɪɹɧɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɧɺɦ ɪɚɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɧɭɥɫɹ ɬɚɥɚɧɬ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ Ʉɢɟɜɫɤɨɣ ɝɢɦɧɚɡɢɢ ɨɧ ɭɟɡɠɚɟɬ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɭ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɋɬɪɨɝɚɧɨɜɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɢɥɢɳɟ. ȼ ɉɟɪɦɶ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɟɯɚɥ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ 1870-ɯ ɝɝ., ɝɞɟ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɫɹ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ.

ȼ 1888 ɝ. ɢɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɉɟɪɦɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɛɸɪɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɦɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ – ɨɬ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ, ɛɨɝɚɬɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɧɹɤɨɜ ɞɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɭɩɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɦɨɜ. Ȼɸɪɨ Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɞɜɭɯɷɬɚɠɧɨɦ ɞɨɦɟ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɦ ɜ 1892 ɝ. ɩɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɭ ɭɥɢɰ ȼɟɪɯɨɬɭɪɫɤɨɣ (ɧɵɧɟ Ɉɫɬɪɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ) ɢ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɢɧɫɤɨɣ.

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Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ

ɂɡ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ ɮɢɪɦɵ Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ [1]:

ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɛɸɪɨ Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ (ɜ ɉɟɪɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ 1888 ɝɨɞɚ). ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɫɦɟɬ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ: ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɜɨɞɹɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɚɪɨɜɨɟ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɹ, ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ.

Ȼɸɪɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɉɟɪɦɢ, ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɭɥɢɰɚ, ɭɝɨɥ ȼɟɪɯɨɬɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɭɥɤɚ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɦ. Ɍɟɥɟɮɨɧ ʋ77.

Ⱥɞɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɫɟɦ ɢ ɬɟɥɟɝɪɚɦɦ: ɉɟɪɦɶ, Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱ.

Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɸɪɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɚɫɶ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ 20 ɥɟɬ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɛɸɪɨ ɬɪɭɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ – ɂ.ɂ. Ɇɚɪɬɟɦɶɹɧɨɜ, ɉ.Ʉ. ɋɭɧɝɭɪɨɜ, Ɏ.ȿ. Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɜɲɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɧɢɤɨɜ. ɂɦ ɞɨɜɟɪɹɥɢ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɚ ɲɬɚɦɩɵ ɫ ɮɚɦɢɥɢɟɣ Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ ɧɚ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚɯ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ.

ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɦɚ, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɦɫɤɨɦɭ ɡɚɜɨɞɱɢɤɭ əɤɨɜɥɟɜɭ. ɗɬɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɟ ɟɳɺ ɜ 20-ɯ ɝɝ. ɏIɏ ɜ., ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɂ.ɂ. ɋɜɢɹɡɟɜɚ, ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɥɨ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ 1842 ɝ. ɉɟɩɟɥɢɳɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɹɥɨ ɩɨɱɬɢ 40 ɥɟɬ, ɩɨɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɺɥ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɪɨɯɨɞɱɢɤ ɇ.ȼ. Ɇɟɲɤɨɜ. Ɉɬ ɧɟɝɨ Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɡɚɤɚɡ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɦɚ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɨɧ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɫɹ, ɨɮɨɪɦɢɜ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɜ ɞɭɯɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɰɢɡɦɚ. ɗɬɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɥɨ ɜ ɜɨɫɬɨɪɝ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ, ɞɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɉɟɪɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ʉɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɨɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɟɜɨɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ (ɭɥ. Ɇɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɫɤɚɹ, 6).

ɉɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ – ɨɫɨɛɧɹɤ Ʌɸɛɢɦɨɜɨɣ (ɭɥ. ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɢɧɫɤɚɹ, 68), ɝɞɟ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ Ɍɟɚɬɪ ɸɧɨɝɨ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɹ. Ɂɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɭɸɬɧɵɣ ɫɤɜɟɪ, ɨɝɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɨɣ. Ⱦɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɜ ɫɬɢɥɟ ɛɚɪɨɤɤɨ. ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɯ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɛɨɝɚɬɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ. ȼɟɥɢɤɨɥɟɩɧɵ ɢ ɱɚɫ-

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Ɍ.Ⱥ. ɋɩɢɪɨɜɚ, Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɒɭɬɨɜɚ

ɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɫɨɛɧɹɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɶɟɪɵ. Ɇɚɫɬɟɪ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɚɬɪ, ɧɨ ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɪɨɝɨ ɨɫɨɛɧɹɤɚ ɜɚɫ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ [2].

Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɦɹɤɚɦ ɢ ɞɨɦ ɤɭɩɰɚ ɋɟɪɝɟɹ Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɨɜɢɱɚ Ƚɪɢɛɭɲɢɧɚ (ɭɥ. Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ, 13ɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ ɜ 1895–1897 ɝɝ. ɗɬɨ ɡɞɚɧɢɟ – ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɠɢɜɨɩɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɚ, ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɟ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɏIɏ – ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɏɏ ɜ. ȼ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɟ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɥɟɩɧɵɟ ɝɢɪɥɹɧɞɵ, ɜɚɡɨɧɵ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ, ɩɨɯɨɠɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɨɫɱɟɪɤ ɩɟɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɡɦɟɬɧɭɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɤɧɭɬ. ɇɚ ɮɚɫɚɞɟ ɞɨɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ «ɦɚɫɤɚɪɨɧɵ» – ɦɚɫɤɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɧɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɩɢɥɹɫɬɪ, ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɮɚɫɚɞ ɞɨɦɚ. ɉɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɚ ȿ.Ⱥ. ɋɩɟɲɢɥɨɜɨɣ, ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɚɫɤɚɪɨɧɚɯ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɟ Ƚɪɢɛɭɲɢɧɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɨ ɥɢɰɨ ɟɝɨ ɥɸɛɢɦɨɣ ɞɨɱɟɪɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɯ. ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɞɨɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɺɧ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ Ȼɨɪɢɫɚ ɉɚɫɬɟɪɧɚɤɚ «Ⱦɨɤɬɨɪ ɀɢɜɚɝɨ» ɤɚɤ «ɞɨɦ ɫ ɮɢɝɭɪɚɦɢ» [3].

Ʉɚɤ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪ, Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱ ɧɟ ɦɨɝ ɧɟ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɢɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɨɦ – ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɡɨɞɱɟɫɬɜɟ. Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɢ ɛɚɲɧɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ Ʉɪɟɦɥɹ. ɇɟɦɚɥɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɢ ɜ ɉɟɪɦɢ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ – ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɟɩɚɪɯɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɥɢɳɚ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ (ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɩɢɬɚɥɶ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ). Ʉɢɪɩɢɱ – ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ – ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɧɨɣ ɭɡɨɪɱɚɬɨɣ ɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɢɡɹɳɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɲɺɬɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɤɪɨɜɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɢɡɹɳɧɨɣ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ.

ȼ ɤɢɪɩɢɱɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɢ ɇɢɤɨɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɜ Ɇɨɬɨɜɢɥɢɯɟ, ɬɨɠɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɠɟɪɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ Ɇɨɬɨɜɢɥɢɯɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɜɨɞɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɭɠɟ ɧɟɬ – ɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɢɤɢ ɫɧɟɫɥɢ ɇɢɤɨɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɥɟɩɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.

ɇɢɤɨɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ. ɂɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɫɜ. Ɇɚɝɞɚɥɢɧɵ ɜ ɉɟɪɦɢ (ɭɥ. Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ, 11), Ɍɪɨɢɰɤɢɣ ɫɨɛɨɪ ɜ Ɉɫɟ, ɉɪɟɞɬɟɱɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɯɪɚɦ ɜ

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Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ Ⱥ.Ȼ. Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ

Ʉɭɧɝɭɪɟ, ȼɨɡɧɟɫɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɜ ɫ. Ȼɟɪɟɡɨɜɤɚ Ʉɭɧɝɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ.

Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ȼɟɪɯɨɬɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ Ʉɪɟɫɬɨɜɨɡɞɜɢɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɦɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1). ɗɬɨ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɵɣ ɜɟɧɟɰ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɨɞɱɟɝɨ.

Ɋɢɫ. 1. Ʉɪɟɫɬɨɜɨɡɞɜɢɠɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɛɨɪ ɜ ɝ. ȼɟɪɯɨɬɭɪɶɟ

ɋɨɛɨɪ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ 12 ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ 1905 ɝ. ɩɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɸ 300-ɥɟɬɢɹ ȼɟɪɯɨɬɭɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɢɬɟɥɢ, 300-ɥɟɬɢɹ ɞɨɦɚ Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ 200-ɥɟɬɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɬɵɯ ɦɨɳɟɣ ɋɢɦɟɨɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɟɥɚ Ɇɟɪɤɭɲɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ȼɟɪɯɨɬɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɹ.

ȼɧɨɜɶ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɛɨɪ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɤɪɚɫɢɜ ɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɜɢɡɚɧɬɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɢɥɟ, ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɟ ɢ ɢɡɹɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɯɪɚɦɚɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɚ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɠɚɧ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɏɪɚɦɚ ɏɪɢɫɬɚ ɋɩɚɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɢ ɂɫɚɚɤɢɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɨɪɚ ɜ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ. ɋ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɯɪɚɦɚ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ ɋɢɧɨɞɚ ɟɦɭ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧ ɫɨɛɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ.

ɑɬɨ ɩɨɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɜ ȼɟɪɯɨɬɭɪɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɛɨɪɟ – ɷɬɨ ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɚ. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɯɪɚɦɨɜ ɧɚ Ɋɭɫɢ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɭ ɜ ɜɟɱɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɦɪɚɤɟ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɝɥɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ – ɞɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɫɜɟɬɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɡɞɚɧɢɹ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɠɟ ɷɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɛɥɢɫɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ. ɋɜɟɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɥɶɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɛɨɤɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ, ɢɫɤɭɫɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɤɧɚ ɢ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɧɵɣ ɤɭɩɨɥ.

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Ɍ.Ⱥ. ɋɩɢɪɨɜɚ, Ɉ.Ⱥ. ɒɭɬɨɜɚ

ȼ ɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɛɨɪɚ ɧɟɬ ɬɺɦɧɵɯ ɭɝɥɨɜ, ɡɞɟɫɶ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ 137 ɨɤɨɧ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ [4].

Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɯɪɚɦɚ – ɮɚɹɧɫɨɜɵɣ ɢɤɨɧɨɫɬɚɫ (ɪɢɫ. 2), ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɮɚɪɮɨɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɜɨɞɚɯ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ. ɉɨɞ ɹɪɤɢɦ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɫɜɟɬɨɦ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɨɛɥɟɫɤɢɜɚɥ, ɢɫɤɪɢɥɫɹ, ɚ ɦɨɳɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɥ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɵɯ ɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɛɟɥɨɝɨɥɭɛɵɯ ɬɨɧɚɯ ɫ ɡɨɥɨɬɨɦ, ɨɧ ɩɪɢɱɭɞɥɢɜɵɦɢ ɭɡɨɪɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɦɥɹɥ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɤɨɧɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɪɚɬɚ ɐɚɪɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɢɚɤɨɧɫɤɢɟ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ ɨɬ ɐɚɪɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɪɨɬ ɢɤɨɧɵ ɋɩɚɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ Ȼɨɠɢɟɣ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɏɚɪɮɨɪɨɜɵɣ ɢɤɨɧɨɫɬɚɫ Ʉɪɟɫɬɨɜɨɡɞɜɢɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɨɪɚ

ɋɨɛɨɪ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɤɪɵɬ ɜ 1929 ɝ. ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɨɜ. ɏɪɚɦ ɛɵɥ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɺɧ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɜ 1990 ɝ., ɛɵɥ ɨɫɜɹɳɺɧɜɧɨɜɶ 19 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ1999 ɝ. ɢɫɟɣɱɚɫɢɦɟɟɬɫɬɚɬɭɫɦɨɧɚɫɬɵɪɫɤɨɝɨ.

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɯɪɚɦɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ «ɞɭɛɥɢɤɚɬ» ɫɬɚɪɨɝɨ ɢɤɨɧɨɫɬɚɫɚ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɚɦɢ ɋɵɫɟɪɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɪɮɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ ɟɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ-ɪɟɫɬɚɜɪɚɬɨɪɚ ȼ.ɂ. ɋɢɦɨɧɟɧɤɨ.

ɉɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɛɸɪɨ Ɍɭɪɱɟɜɢɱɚ ɤɭɩɟɰ ɂ.ɂ. Ʌɸɛɢɦɨɜ ɡɚɤɚɡɚɥ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɜɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɞɨɜɨɦ ɡɚɜɨɞɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ⱦɟɞɸɯɢɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 3) [5], ɫɬɚɜɲɟɝɨ ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ

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