Innovative power engineering

Fig. 5.1. Seebeck Coefficient Temperature Curve

When the temperature difference of thermoelectric power generation glass is 10 °C,

Vss 10 2.65334 10 3 V.

When the temperature difference of thermoelectric power generation glass is 30 °C,

Vss 30 8.10006 10 3 V.

The voltage that a PN junction unit generate is mV level. Thus the output of 1000 PN junction units cascaded can meet the power supply of most sensor.

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B. Optimization of PN junction connection in one glass

In the use process, PN junction will be wear even damaged. If all PN junction unit in one glass in series, the whole thermoelectric power generation glass will lead to invalid when one PN junction disconnect. Thus it is necessary to consider to optimize the connection of PN junction. By using series-parallel connection can not only improve the reliability, but also improve the load capacity of thermoelectric power generation glass. Fig. 5.2 shows the optimization connection style:

Fig. 5.2. The front view of intern connection in one glass

Grey short-term in Fig. 5.2 represent one PN junction unit. All horizontal PN junction unit connected in parallel which will not affect the horizontal output of voltage and current even some PN junction disconnected and improve output current and strength load capacity. And horizontal rows are connected in series to enhance the whole output voltage of one glass. A pieces of glass is left two output joints to be convenient to connect and fix glass.

The connection mode of single glass can redesign the number of parallel and series groups according to the specific usage. But the connection mode of multi parallel and multi series is inevitable.

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4. Economic benefits of thermoelectric power generation glass curtain wall

Take the unit type curtain wall engineering of South China International Financial Centre of Shenzhen Eyuan construction co., LTD as example, the curtain wall area is 156,300 m2. In 2011, Shock and other people of JPL manufactured the thermoelectric elements with gradient structure which is composed by CoFe4Sb3/Bi2Te3. After element structure optimization, the output power of a PN junction reached 1.5 W and the power area radio is 1.36 W•cm–2. There are thermoelectric generation module. Actually, the coefficient of multi parallel and multi series PN junction unit is 0.01 and conductance loss is 5 %. And the final output voltage regulation efficiency is 0.85 assuming the effective time of thermoelectric generation is 6 hours, 10:00-16:00.

Annual power generation of per square meter thermoelectric generation glass:

1.36 1002 0.01 1 5% 0.85 6 280 184.49 kw h.

According to the general office electricity consumption, annual electricity consumption per square meter is:

25W 280 4 28 kw h. m2

Power generation per square meter can meet 5.3 m2 electricity consumption of general office. But the curtain wall area of South China International Financial Centre can satisfy about 828,400 m2 electricity consumption. Thus the economic benefits of thermoelectric power generation glass curtain wall is considerable.

Conclusion

With the development of the construction industry, more and more people focus on energy conservation building. And the use rate of glass curtain wall in modern building increases gradually. They are not only beautiful but also has the huge conservation development function.

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Based on the prototype of solar glass, this paper proposed thermoelectric power generation glass and introduce its principle. This paper also analyzed the feasibility of transparent thermal insulation material, the usage, application prospect and the existence of usable temperature difference between indoor and outdoor sides. By ideal simulation calculation, this paper get output voltage of thermoelectric generation unit of one PN junction and discuss to adopt multi parallel and multi series connection style to promise the reliability and improve load capacity of power output of one glass. And we also briefly discuss the economic benefits of thermoelectric generation glass curtain wall. We can get conclusion that thermoelectric generation glass has high feasibility and development prospect. With the development of thermoelectric materials and material science, we can get better effect thermoelectric material and improve the function of thermoelectric generation glass.

References

2014. – Vol. 07. – P. 1280–1281+1334.

10. Schock H., Case E., D’angelo J. [et al.] Thermoelectric conversion of waste heat to electricity in an IC engine powered vehicle, DEFC2604NT42281 [R]. US Department of Energy, 2011.

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAR NORTH COAST

BY WIND HYDROGEN ENERGY

D.D. Ivaschenko

The aim of this work is to create a project that will solve the following main problems:

Decoupling of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian economy from the traditional mineral resources (of coal, oil, gas, et al.);

Qualitative and quantitative development of alternative energy industry;

Stimulate the development of energy-intensive industries by providing a large amount of energy;

Saturation energy of the Far North and the development of industry clusters that are directly tied to the Northern Sea Route. This will allow to do fragmentary development throughout the coastal territory.

Getting on an industrial scale clean energy source - hydrogen through the electrolysis of water, using the energy vetrovodorodnyh complexes.

The transfer of hydrogen to the southern, densely populated areas of the country through the existing network of transcontinental gas mains.

The development of wind energy – one of the most important areas of technological evolution of energy worldwide.

Leader of wind energy development in 2014 was China, which has overtaken by the number of generators in operation GIVING US and the EU.

From the report of the Global Wind Energy Council, the following statistics on the overall functioning of wind power stations:

US - 35.16 million KW.

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Germany – 28.78 million KW.

China 35.04 million KW.

Spain 26.1 million KW.

•Russia – 17 million KW.

According to preliminary estimates, WES power in Russia is about 2000 times less than in the lead. At the same time, the technical potential of wind energy Russia estimated 50,000 billion kilowatt-hours/year. This project involves the use of the territory of the Far North to accommodate wind farm complexes. Practical benefit based on the fact that the length of the rugged coastline of the Russian Arctic coast is more than 25 thousand kilometers, with an average annual wind speed of 5 m/sec. In the case of the creation of effective systems of WES, Russia will get attractive in terms of investment and economic and technological advantages of “energy cluster”, which has the potential to become a competitive feature of Russia on the world stage.

To date, the largest wind farm in Russia are located in the Kaliningrad region (5.1 mW.), Chukotka (Anadyr wind farm capacity of 2.5 MW (10 wind turbines of 250 kW)), in Bashkortostan (2.2 mW), Kalmykia and Komi. Creating a wind farm in the North Coast attract investments into the Russian economy and to realize the economic potential of the northern regions of Russia.

However, we must recognize that in most Russian regions the average annual wind speed is less than 5 m/s, and therefore the usual wind turbines with a horizontal axis of rotation is practically applicable – their starting speed starts from 3–6 m/s, and to receive them from, substantial amounts of energy will not succeed.

This project proposes to use rotor installation or wind turbines with a vertical axis of rotation to solve this. The fundamental difference is that the vertical generator enough 1 m/s to start generating electricity. Development of this area removes the restrictions on the use of wind energy in order to power supply. The use of such systems ensures the production of sufficient power for all areas and in all weather conditions, including the area to the North Coast. The amount of electricity produced will be enough, for example, for street lighting and

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power facilities engineering infrastructure (observation points, weather and meteorological stations, and so on).

In addition, the creation of wind oxygen energy complexes give impetus to the development of iron and steel (alloy steel) and metal industry, automotive (ecological vehicles), design and project teams, and others. There will be widely used patriotic achievements in aerospace technology for the development of innovative energy projects.

In addition to creating individual WHES, the project involves the creation of energy pier. Such technology will enhance the effect of the use of alternative energy sources.

As already mentioned, the project involves getting on an industrial scale clean energy source – hydrogen through the electrolysis of water, using the energy WH complexes.

Hydrogen generation will stimulate the development of environmentally friendly production, including encourages the widespread use of engines based on hydrogen, for further distribution.

As a result, North Coast will be an effective region of Russia. Providing clean energy hydrogen stably provide an opportunity for centuries to protect the northern border and shelves, the rejection of expensive imported fuel oil, gas, wood, oil shale, and small nuclear energy. Industry northern regions receive large amounts of electricity for the economic growth of the region. In this case, it will be possible almost free heating homes, including the realized dream northerner – “housing under the dome”, with minimal contact with the harsh climate.

Thus, this project represents an extremely relevant for the further development of Russian energy industry and the economy of our country.

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VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE WITH COLLECTING TIDE POWER AS A COMPLEMENT GENERATOR

Li Haoran, Wang Xuchen, Yu Tianning, Li Songqi

Northwestern Polytechnic University, Xi’an, P.R. China

China is famous for its rich resources of tide power and wind generation, over the years, Chinese government invested a lot on the project of wind generator as well as the tidal power collection but the utilization of these two electricity production still at a stage of developing with less profit directly generated. For instance, more than ten tidal power stations making China to be the most famous country of tidal power collection in the world, and most of them distribute in the southeast coast of China. However, until nowadays, not all of them are still at work especially for the stations which were built before 1980 at an abandoned condition. On the other hand, the wind power enjoyed a rapid growth of development and there is an increasing trend of the promotion of electricity production in every single fan-stand alone.

It is estimated that the southeast of China has huge marine current reserves taking up almost 10 % of that in the world, for example, in Zhejiang province of which the eastern costal area is approximately 5.45×104km2 and mainland coastline of about 2200 km2, many harbors as well as estuaries have rich resources in marine current energy with the theory of install capacity over 2.896.8×104kw and the generating capacity over 862.7×108kw·h. If the power can be fully used, it means that nearly 1136×104t standard coal equivalent will be provided per year. Also the same region which located at a place where the depth is 20m from the shoreline can be the best place for installation of wind turbines. As a case in point, the wind power density at 500w / m2 or more in Pingtan Island. However, By far, there is no such idea that combine the wind power generator as well as the marine current generator, so our innovation base on this concept.

Vertical axis wind turbine with collecting tide power as a complement generator is a system that combine two parts (the wind power as well as the marine current power) together, with the vertical

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axis wind turbine installed at the top and the spiral blade vertical axis turbine installed at the bottom.

Compared with the past production, there are three main benefits of our invention.

Firstly, for the construction purpose, the reduction of raw material caused by the combination of two ways for electricity generation will undoubtedly reduce the investment cost, meanwhile it will reduce the construction ancillary facilities, which will lead to a low investment as expected.

Secondly, the technical based on that is advanced. In order to let the generator has the ability to automatically adapt to the environment, we developed the variable angle of attack technology, and this technology allows the turbine blade angle of attack can be achieved adjusted appropriately according to the water environment to adapt to changes in the water environment. Also it will lead to a high efficiency making more profits. Besides, Vertical axis wind turbine with collecting tide power as a complement generator based on a modular design, namely, like a system composed by several main parts, which can be easily maintained as well as assembled because of its modular components. We have programmed such software that will help the engineers to develop every part of our production such as the turbine part and the spiral blade part.

Thirdly, our invention has power in marketing competition. The biggest tidal power station locates in north of France along the Lance River near the Saint-Malo. But it can only generate power two times a day. While, our invention have the ability to provide the continued stabled power 24 hours a day. Overall in China and Russia, such research is still waiting to be developed, which means the vacancies on the market. Also the low cost of investment as well as the maintenance will undoubtedly increase our competitiveness.

Overall, the Vertical axis wind turbine with collecting tide power as a complement generator not only inherits the advantages of tidal power but also has been improved in many technical ways at the same time, making the device more suitable for the development of modern. Compared with the current station, our power station with such innovation will win the market and be good for the government making the strategy of electricity generation.

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