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Ex. 11. Bob Howard and you are ready to learn how to establish a business in Russia. Read the text and translate it from English into Russian.
How to Set up a Business
As I have already said, the Higher Schools’ graduates could either find jobs or establish their own companies. Actually, there are much more causes to set up a business. Some of them are:
Unemployment;
Retirement, which came to be earlier than a person needed (e.g. a ballet dancer, a pilot, a stewardess, a military person);
Dismissal;
Weariness from former job;
Unsatisfactory financial position;
Dependence on other persons, opinions or situations;
Health.
No doubt, a person is to pass through some ordeals, difficulties and problems connected with making his business go well. But when his enterprise goes well and produces profits, he will see all advantages. They are the person’s independence, the ability to control his own time, income and resources, and limitless freedom for creative work.
To begin with, everyone should be conscious of his personal features and skills. A successful businessman has a great commercial flair, and he is rather sensible and enterprising. Otherwise it could be very difficult to compete on the market. To control his company a person should also have a strong sense of leadership, be able to get on with both employees and clients, organize and motivate them.
As every entrepreneur is motivated by money, it’s important for him to view chances of success, evaluate the danger in any situation and take risks. Running a profitable business demands a hard work, practically without weekends, ability to cope with stress and stay the course. People often say: “Well begun is half done” and “The end crowns the work”. Certainly, if the project doesn’t go right, some flexible actions, modifications or innovations have to be used in order to achieve the goal.
The person’s responsibility and reliability help him to attract partners. That is rather essential for business development. Some prospective and ambitious ideas need much money, equipment and resources. That’s why partners can help such projects to
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realize. And of course, professional qualities are very necessary for a businessman. He must operate special skills, and be informative to run his company successfully.
After every pro and con have been weighed up, it’s high time to define the future company’s legal and structural framework. In Russia one can found a non-profit- making organization, a stock company, a limited liability company, and one can become a private individual. These companies differ from each other according to form of their authorized capital, financial liability and accounting.
In Khabarovsk, you can find companies of all legal and structural frameworks. The biggest and most developed ones are stock companies like the Grig, Regiobank, Dallesprom, Dalkhimpharm, Ali-Vostok. The Khabarovsk limited liability companies vary from small firms consisting of one or two staffers to big and famous ones. Among them are the Vostokrybprom and Vostokmetall.
There are some positive features private individuals find regarding accounting and taxation methods, which are rather simple. On the other side, private individuals can face risk to loose their firm and even the rest of property, as they are totally responsible for their business activity and debts. Nevertheless private individuals are constantly increasing in their number. They usually work in commerce and service industry. This small business is generally represented by private individuals.
Non-governmental sector is on the contrary aimed to social work. It is developing now, but some organizations have already become famous and won respect for their activity among children, youth, old, disabled, etc. They can run business, but all profits are aimed to feed programs and projects, as founders of such organizations can’t share and appropriate any profits.
After the legal and structural framework of the future enterprise has been chosen, it’s time to prepare necessary documents, pay registration dues (2000 rubles for LLC or SC, and 400 rubles for PI), and present a package of the documents to the special department of the appropriate Inspectorate for Taxes and Collections, according to the future company’s legal address. Sometimes it differs from the company’s office address. Private individuals can indicate their home location.
The business must be registered by the Tax Inspection, the Pension Fund, and
Social Insurance Fund. These offices will send documents to the company’s location, which show how much a business owner needs to take out of each employee’s wages, and where to send the money.
After that, a businessman needs some time to order his seal, set up a bank account and employ an accountant and other staffers. He should have at least a basic understanding of trading laws, which protect consumers, employees, the general public
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and businesses as well. Failure to respect these laws could even be a crime. That’s why a newborn entrepreneur should not hesitate to consult a legal adviser or other business owner.
It stands to reason, a businessman should have some money at his disposal for primary expenses, because sometimes there is about half a year or more between the state registration of the company and getting great profits. But in for a penny, in for a pound. As the saying is, do business, try to do that with might and main and be a success.
Ex. 12. Look through the text and find English equivalents to the proverbs and sayings given below. Explain them.
1.Взялся за гуж, не говори, что не дюж.
2.Доброе начало полдела откачало.
3.Добрый конец – всему делу венец.
Ex. 13. Answer the questions.
1.Why do people set up their own business?
2.What special qualities should a real businessman obtain to run his company successfully?
3.Are personal or professional characteristics more necessary for the business to go well?
4.Is it important for an entrepreneur to be a leader?
5.How many legal and structural frameworks are there in Russia? What are they?
6.Which form is the most popular?
7.When is a businessman to pay registrations dues?
8.Where should all registration documents be presented?
9.Why do you think a business must be registered by the Pension Fund and the Social Insurance Fund?
10.Can a new businessman start his activity right after getting a registration certificate?
11.What specialists could be useful for you when executing documents for registration your company (for getting licenses; making contracts with other companies)?
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Ex. 14. Translate the following word combinations from Russian into English.
Учредить компанию, уход на пенсию, приносить прибыль, управлять временем, оценивать опасность, увольнение, предприимчивый бизнесмен, осознавать свои личные качества, справляться со стрессом, гибкие действия, надёжность, доходы и ресурсы, достичь цели, быть образованным, взвесить «за» и «против», некоммерческая организация, уставной капитал, состоять из, касательно, организационно-правовая форма, быть ответственным за, акционерное общество, сфера торговли и обслуживания, индивидуальный предприниматель, завоевать уважение, юридический адрес, напротив (наоборот), присваивать прибыль, общество с ограниченной ответственностью, финансовая отчётность, пошлина за регистрацию, первичные расходы, стараться изо всех сил.
Ex. 15. Translate the following word combinations from English into Russian.
Social work, set (package) of the documents, the Pension Fund, to feed programs, to set up a bank account, a non-profit organization, method of taxation, to take risks, financial liability, commercial flair, sense of leadership, to pay registration dues, legal address, the Social Insurance Fund, to employ staffers, to run business, flexible actions, to get on with somebody, to weigh up pros and cons, creative work, to pass through ordeals, weariness from former work, a goal, to compete on the market, personal features (qualities, characteristics), incomes and resources, to be motivated by money, to be conscious of, to view chances, legal and structural framework, a newborn entrepreneur, financial liability, to cope with stress, to produce profits, to be enterprising.
Ex. 16. Arrange the synonyms in pairs.
To set up a firm, personal qualities, a goal, to hire, a business, staffers, to run business, a bookkeeper, to employ, to establish a company, features of character, a target, to do business, accounting, personnel, a businessman, the Tax Inspection, an accountant, a package of documents, a non-governmental organization, to make a business run well, money, an entrepreneur, to control a business, a Higher School, the Inspectorate for Taxes and Collections, a non-profit company, a higher educational institution, to govern a company, funds, a firm, a set of documents, bookkeeping, to make a company profitable.