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documentation substantiating it. The cooperation between scientific institutions and businesses can be based on the techno-parks capable to try the idea, to test and experiment with industrial pilot projects. These techno-parks or technical and economic areas can provide opportunities to obtain a sample model experimentally, and perform a feasibility study of some innovative proposal, as well as basis for fixing up a business plan. The above mentioned techno-park should have a patent department. Its patent experts are to deal with patents, to patent the works abroad, to support the granted patents, to do market research, etc. Our science needs industrial capabilities and finance support to realize the research ideas and innovative projects.

Text B

Higher education and business are unlikely partners. But to maintain technological superiority in the long run, it is essentially to make substantial investment in the basic research that will support the “next generation” technology.

That is the rationale for more extensive industrial sponsorship of university research. The present economics is characterized as the transition to a technology-

oriented economy, with an increasing percentage of the work force engaged in information and process control automated production and services. So, the economic development is a process of innovation that increases the capacity of individuals and organizations to produce goods and services and thereby, create wealth. In turn, this can lead to jobs, income and a tax base communities and regions. Investing in education is a common mechanism for improving the business climate of the region (the reputation a region has for fostering business success). The services that educational institutions provide can affect the availability of trained manpower, leadership and entrepreneurial skills, informational gathering and dissemination. Other factors like processed materials, competitive manufacturing systems, delivery systems or services to be marketed, can be also affected by researches discovered or applied by academicians. Their initiatives and innovations proposed can be important for high technology and other industries.

Text C

Cross-border trade is the most prospective economic sector in the Far East. Russia has the longest border with China, so trade relations with this country are expected to expand. China comes to 36% of Primorye’s foreign trade turnover. The cross-border trade volume will have doubled by 2010. For about 10 years two regions,

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Primorye and Heilongjiang Province, have been making some success in transshipment, drawing up the documentation, carrying out customs clearance, and readdressing cargoes to Russia or China. But the Russian entrepreneurs and managers know little about markets in China. There are only about 400 professional advisers and analysts on China including university professors and interpreters in Russia. Also, level of mutual interests and trust tends to lower.

Cross-border cooperation includes tourist sector. Its strategic goal is to create infrastructure capable to serve up to 1.5 million tourists in the Primorsky krai. That will provide jobs for 100 thousand people and give rise to develop numerous historic, cultural and natural areas, which can interest tourists. As an example of such cooperation, a cross-border trade and economic complex is being constructed between the village of Pogranichny and Suifenhe (China). It occupies 300 hectares on the Russian territory and 150 hectares in China. The complex will contain a multi-purpose, shopping center, a 5-star hotel, a medical center and infrastructural facilities. At the beginning, it was expected to attract about $1 billion of investments for this project. Now, when this project has almost come to a reality, it is obviously to characterize this complex as a pilot project to try the FE regional policy on efficient cooperation with the Asian Pacific countries.

Ex. 5. Match the columns.

4.Regional policy on efficient d. Автоматизированное

Ex. 6. Choose appropriate definitions for the following word combinations.

Cooperation, sponsorship, infrastructure, foreign trade, initiative, research.

Putting forward or guaranteeing a proposal or a project; support with funds, products or services in turn of advertising.

Investigation undertaken in order to discover new facts, get additional information.

Working or acting together for a common purpose.

First or introductory move without an order, request or suggestion from others; capacity to see what needs to be done and the will to do it.

Buying and selling of goods to (from) foreign countries.

Subordinate parts of a system (or an undertaking) that compose the whole, forming a basis.

Ex. 7. Give your own definitions for the following word combinations.

Mutual trust, strategic goal, multi-purpose complex, pilot project, business plan, partner, work force, market research, technological documentation, innovative proposal, business climate.

Ex. 8. Answer the questions using the above material.

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1.Does the state budget support researching centers and educational institutions?

2.Why do the researchers have to establish business?

3.What should the fundamental and applied researchers do?

4.Is it so important for a laboratory sample to be tested on the industrial conditions?

5.What operations should be undertaken in the process of working with the pilot model?

6.What specialists can propose, test and implement inventions, innovations and know-how?

7.Why is working out of inventions, innovations and know-how so necessary for hi-tech production?

8.What cooperation could support the development of the innovative processes?

9.How is the present economics characterized?

10.Which spheres can the higher educational institutions affect?

11.What purposes do investors pursue when financing the innovative projects? (to pursue – преследовать)

12.Where is the only cross-border trade and economic complex located?

13.What investors are mostly interested in constructing this complex?

14.Are there any other innovation projects in the Far East, which attract investors?

15.What kinds of cooperation do you know? Which enterprises and organizations can cooperate?

16.What spheres can such institutions and companies develop?

17.What functions can the participants of cooperation perform?

18.Do you think cooperation between companies (regions, countries) can support economic development, people’s prosperity, and friendly relationships between parties of the collaboration?

Ex. 9. Working in groups, fix up the following projects.

1.A letter of proposal on cooperation.

2.An innovative project description of an entertainment center (an international training center, a multi-cultural cooking fast food restaurant, an interregional student trade center, etc.)

3.A letter of information about courses (a conference, a seminar, a round table) held by the Khabarovsk Regional Resources Center of managerial staff.

4.A list of spheres (projects) able to attract investors to the Far East.