Кудинова Практическиы курс англиыского языка для студентов международник Ч.2 2014

Grammar Revision: Determiners and Quantifiers

1. Read the story of Fred Corbett. Fill the gaps with words from the box. You can use each word or phrase once only.

From Riches to Rags

Fred Corbett lives in a hostel for the homeless and sells as (a)_______

copies of the Big Issue (a magazine by homeless people) as he can. He earns about £30 a week, which is (b) ___________ money. Yet only (c)______ years ago Fred was a millionaire, living the good life. What went wrong? He tells us his story: “When I was 18 years old my parents died in a car accident and I inherited (d)____________ of money. I had (e)_______other family and very (f)

_______ friends and so there was (g) ______ I could really talk to about my grief. The only thing that seemed to help was spending money When people learned how (h)_______ money I had, they became really friendly I began to realize that (i)_________people only liked me for my money.”

“I bought a helicopter and (j) _______ cars but I crashed (k) _______ of them. So on the advice of my accountant I bought (l) ________ of shares in Barings Bank. Maybe you can guess what happened next. Barings Bank went bankrupt and I lost a fortune. I had (m) ____________money left, just a couple of hundred pounds, so of course I now had far (n) _______ friends because I had

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much (o) _______ money. When I finally ran out of money (p)______ of my socalled friends stood by me, so I was friendless, homeless, and penniless.”

“It is difficult to believe, but I'm (q)____ happier now that I'm so poor. I've made (r) _________ of real friends at the hostel, Ken and Dave, and that’s more important to me that (s) __________ else. (t) _______ learned from my experience is that money can't buy you love!”

2. The following sentences contain false information. Correct the mistakes.

Example: Most people think that £30 a week is a lot of money. -> Very few / Not many people think that Ј30 a week is a lot of money.

1.Fred has few relatives.

2.Fred talked to his friends about his grief.

3.People were friendly to Fred because he had lost his parents.

4.He invested very little of his money.

5.Fred didn't have any money left when Barings went bankrupt.

6.A few friends helped Fred when he ran out of money.

7.Fred has never made any real friends.

8.Fred hasn't learned anything from his experience.

Reading: Taking the credit

1. Before you read the following text, make sure you understand what the

I remember once booking into a Los Angeles hotel where Iwas handed a form asking me how I proposed to settle my bill. Since I proposed to settle in cash, I wrote 'Cash', and the desk clerk turned white under his California tan. You would have thought I was offering to pay him in Indian beads.

'You don't wish to utilise an accreditisation facility, Mr Waterhouse?' he said in that appalling jargon which I'm sure is now taught in high schools instead of English.

'No thank you. I'll pay cash. '

'Travellers' cheques, would that be, Mr Waterhouse?' 'No. Cash. These things. Dollars. '

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I showed him a few greenbacks and he stared at them as if they were an interesting collection of foreign stamps.

'One moment, sir.'

He darted into the inner office and I saw secretarial heads craning over the partition and giving me the kind of look I expect they normally reserved for people trying to book in. as Mr and Mr Smith. In a moment the manager appeared.

'Glad to know you, Mr Waterhouse. We hope you'll have a pleasant stay with us, and for your further enjoyment at this lime we'd like to extend accreditisation facilities. We accept any regular credit card or if it's your pleasure we'd be happy to bill your company.' 'I don't warn accreditisation facilities, thank you. I want to pay cash.' Again I produced my wad of dollars pointing out that on each one of them was printed in legible type: 'This note is legal tender for all debts, public and private.'

The manager read the words for himself, checked the signature that had been put to this reckless promise (Dorothy Andrew Katia, Treasurer to the United States), and seemed to waver.

'As a formality, Mr Waterhouse, could I request that you produce some identification at this time?'

I showed him my passport, my driving license, a bill for the water rates and a letter from my brother. He examined them with care.

'These seem to be in order, Mr Waterhouse. To facilitate our accounting process at this time, could I request that you pay in advance?'

So I coughed up my wretched hoard of dollars and he held them up to the light then put them away in a cupboard. One day, I imagine, he'll take them out and show them to his grandchildren.

I stayed in the hotel a week and every time I entered the foyer a man sitting near the water-cooler lowered his newspaper and gave me a funny look. I learned later that he was the hotel detective. He must have been told to keep an eye on the Limey bum who couldn't afford to live on credit.

(From 'Taking Ihe Credit', an article by Keith Waterhouse, in Mondays. Thursdays. Michael Joseph)

3. Choose the correct continuation:

1.'He turned white', because…

a.he was embarrassed.

b.he was angry.

c.he was shocked.

2.'He gave me a funny took', means…

a.he smiled at me.

b.he looked at me suspiciously.

c.he looked at me and laughed.

3.'We'd be happy to bill your company',

means…

a.we don't mind sending the account to your firm.

b.we'd like your company to send us a bill.

c.would you like us to telephone your company.

4.'To utilise an accreditation facility', means…

a.to borrow some money.

b.to pay by cheque.

c.to use a credit card.

5.'Keep an eye on the Limey Bum', means…

a.watch the poor Englishman.

b.follow the cement salesman.

c.watch the man with the green bottom.

6.'People trying to book in as Mr & Mrs Smith', means…

a.a husband and wife whose real names are Smith.

b.a man and woman who do not want to use their real names.

c.a famous husband and wife team of hotel thieves.

7.'I coughed up my wretched hoard of dollars', means…

a.I was nervous because l paid with counterfeit money.

b.I asked him to look after my money.

c.paid in cash.

8.'This note is legal tender', means…

a.this note must be accepted by law if offered in payment.

b.this note is made of paper.

c.this note is a document for use by lawyers.

Listening: Making a Complaint

1. Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions:

a.What does the man want to exchange? What’s wrong?

b.Has he got any proof that he bought the radio in that shop? What is it?

c.What does he want the staff of the shop to do?

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d. What does the problem turn out to be?

2. Listen again for the following words and expressions: чек (квитанция), доказательство покупки, корешок банковского чека, хорошая марка (фирма), питающая сеть.

3.Discuss the following: If you buy faulty goods, do you complain? To whom? Is it any use?

4.Read the letter of complaint. What are the rules of writing formal letters?

97 Cuckoo Lane,

Tunbridge Wells,

Kent

22nd May. 2009

Customer Service Dept.,

Dicken’s Elecirical Ltd.,

Harlow,

Essex

Dear Sir or Madam,

Last week I bought a pocket calculator at your branch in Cheltenham. It seemed to work in the shop. When I got home, I found that it was faulty. It adds and subtracts perfectly well, but it does not divide or multiply. I took it back to your branch at Tunbridge Wells, but they refused to exchange it, saying that I would have to return it to the branch where I bought it. This is impossible because I do not live in Cheltenham. Please find enclosed the calculator, together with the receipt, showing price and date of purchase, and the manufacturer's guarantee.

Yours faithfully,

C R S Sketchley

cash, and you didn't keep the receipt.

Reading and Speaking: Gold

1. Read the text and find equivalents to the following words:

Introduction: магическое вещество, злой дух, человечество, искать золото, золотая лихорадка, Средневековье, цельный блок;

Industrial uses: нетускнеющий, легко поддающийся обработке, неразрушимый, отражающий (свет, звук), проводящий, тройская унция, проволока, песчинка, реактивный двигатель, покрытие, ветровое стекло,

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самолёт, обледенение, космический корабль, тонкий слой, товары народного потребления, смешивать, фарфор, кровельная черепица, недомогание, лечить рак, стоматология;

Decorative purposes: с незапамятных времен, жаждать, важнейший атрибут высокого положения в обществе, чистое золото, ожерелье, кулон, браслет на предплечье, браслет на ногу, запонки, булавка для галстука, оправа для очков, зажигалка, хлопья, съедать = поглощать, ставить пробы, предмет, пробирное клеймо, якорь;

Financial uses: выпускать монеты, залежи золота, прииск, слиток, ювелирные изделия;

Gold production: годовая выработка, золотоносная порода, взвешенный, разрабатывать.

Introduction

Gold (Au) is a metallic chemical element. Atomic number 79. Atomic weight 197.2.

Since civilization began gold has been regarded as a symbol of power and wealth. In many societies gold was seen as a magic substance which could protect people against illness or evil spirits. It is the one material that has always been accepted in exchange for goods or services. Mankind never seems to have enough gold and the search for it has driven men mad. The need to search for gold has been compared to a disease, and is called 'gold fever'. In the Middle Ages men called 'alchemists' tried to manufacture gold from other metals. In spite

of man's constant search for gold, the amount which has been produced since the beginning of time is only enough to make a solid block of eighteen cubic metres, the size of a large house.

Industrial uses

Because gold is untarnishable, workable, almost indestructible, durable,

reflective and conductive, it has a number of industrial uses. About 10% of the annual production is used for industrial processes.

Gold is measured in troy ounces (31.1 grams). One ounce can be drawn into 80 kilometres of wire.

A single grain (0.065 grams) can be beaten down to make a sheet which would cover this page.

Between 20 and 30 ounces are needed for every jet engine.

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Gold coatings, 0.000024 mm thick, are used to reflect heat from jet engine exhausts.

The windscreens of Concorde, other high speed aircraft, and some express trains have a gold electric heating element, 0.000005 mm thick, which is used to

prevent icing.

Spacecraft are protected against radiation by a thin layer of the metal.

As it conducts electricity well and does not tarnish, gold is used extensively

in computers and electric consumer goods.

For many years it has been blended with oils and applied as decoration to china and glass.

Because it is so reflective, it is employed in the manufacture of some roof tiles and glass.

Gold has always been prescribed for various ailments, and is used today to treat cancer and arthritis. It is used extensively in dentistry.

Decorative purposes

Because gold is valuable, bright, rare, attractive, durable and

untarnishable it has always been used for decorative purposes.

Gold works of art were created by many of the great civilizations of the past, and may be seen in museums all over the world.

Since time immemorial gold has been coveted and desired. Until recent years it was worn only by the very rich and was considered the ultimate status symbol.

Gold jewellery is made to four standards, 22, 18, 14 and 9 carats. 18 carat gold is 18 parts gold out of 24, which is pure gold. That is, 18 carats is 75% pure gold. 24 carat gold is too soft for most purposes.

Gold jewellery includes rings, earrings, necklaces, bracelets, chains, pendants, armlets, anklets, medals, cuff-links, tie-pins, spectacle-frames and watches. It is also used to decorate pens, lighters, glasses, and books.

In traditional Indian cooking, gold flakes are used to decorate food and are consumed.

In Britain, gold is hallmarked, using a system which dates back to the twelfth century. There are five marks on gold which has been tested for quality

in Britain.The manufacturer's name is shown by a mark like this.

The crown shows that the article is gold, and has been hallmarked in the UK.

This shows the gold content. ‘375’ is 9 carats (i.e. 37.5% pure gold).

The assay mark shows where it was tested. A leopard for London, an anchor for Birmingham, a rose for Sheffield, and a castle for Edinburgh.

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A different letter is used for each year, ‘J’ was 1980.

Financial uses

The first gold coin was issued by King Croesus of Lydia in the sixth century BC. Today gold still plays an important part in the international monetary system.

About thirty years' production of gold is being held by central banks and monetary authorities, in spite of efforts to reduce its importance.

New deposits of gold are being found, and old mines are being reopened and it is likely that gold will always be valued as protection against inflation.

Gold can be bought by private investors in the forms of bars, coins and medals, as well as jewellery.

Gold production

Gold is found on all five continents, but 85% of the annual output of gold is produced by four countries:

In South Africa about three tonnes of gold-bearing rock have to be mined to produce each ounce of gold. Billions of tonnes of gold are suspended in the seas, but this gold is impossible to exploit at the moment.

2.Answer the following questions.

1.What is gold?

2.How long have people valued gold?

3.How much gold has been produced so far?

4.Why is it widely used for industrial purposes? What industrial uses does it have?

5.Why is it widely used for decorative purposes? What objects can be made of it?

6.How is gold hallmarked in England?

7.Who issued the first gold coins? When was it?

8.Why is gold likely to be valued forever?

9.In what forms can gold be bought by private investors?

10.Where is gold to be found?

11.Which countries are the main producers of gold?

12.What does it take to produce an ounce of gold in South Africa? 13.Why can’t billions of tonnes of gold be exploited at the moment?

3.Translate the italicized sentences into literary Russian.

4.Write a short summary of the text (10-12 sentences). Don’t forget to follow the rules of summary writing!

5.Translate into English:

1.Хочу в Средневековье! Поиск магических веществ, борьба со злыми духами, золотая лихорадка... Класс!

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2.Я не ношу украшения. – Правда? А это что? Не запонки случайно? – Ну, разве запонки – это украшение? Вот ожерелья, кулоны, браслеты на руки, на ноги, на предплечье – это да, а запонки, булавки для галстука и дорогая оправа для очков – это просто важнейшие атрибуты высокого положения в обществе.

3.Ты знаешь, что золото почти не тускнеет, легко поддается обработке и проводит электричество? – Если честно, никогда даже не задумывалась о химических свойствах золота.

4.Представляешь, в покрытии реактивных двигателей самолетов и космических кораблей используется золотая проволока? – Да ладно тебе! – Ага. А тонкий слой золота на ветровом стекле предотвращает обледенение.

5.Золотые монеты выпускаются с незапамятных времен.

6.Вряд ли люди научатся лечить рак в скором времени.

7.Я слышал, в Канаде на одном из приисков нашли огромный слиток чистого золота. – Это была чья-то шутка? Слиток на прииске?

8.Каждый день золотоискатели находят все новые залежи золота с обширными участками золотоносной породы и тут же начинают их разрабатывать, так что годовая выработка растет год от года.

6.What do you think? What would happen if…

gold suddenly ran out?

a huge deposit of gold was found somewhere?

Reading and Vocabulary: Gold Rush

1. Read the text. Use the matching task to help you with the unknown vocabulary.

In 1848 gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill, about 100 miles east of San Francisco, and the first great gold-rush began. When the news leaked out, farmers, trappers, lawyers, preachers, sailors, soldiers and school teachers

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rushed to California by whatever means they could. Within a year 100,000 people, only 8,000 of whom were women, had reached the Coast of California.

More than half of them had travelled overland across the American continent. 'Gold fever' began to spread. Settlements throughout the United States were deserted. Homes, farms and stores were abandoned as everybody raced for California. Many came by sea, and in July 1850 more than 500 ships were anchored in San Francisco Bay, many of which had been deserted by gold-hungry sailors. A few people became fabulously rich, but it was a risky business. Law and order broke down.

Even if a miner 'struck it rich' there were always those who would try to take it away: gamblers, outlaws, thieves and saloon keepers. Gold and silver were discovered in Nevada a few years later, and 'gold fever' was an important part of the colonization of the western United States.

The next major gold-rush occurred in 1851, when gold was struck in New South Wales, Australia. This led to another stampede and many rich finds were made. Other discoveries were made in Victoria and Kalgoorlie, Western Australia. In some places massive nuggets of gold were found accidentally, just lying about on the ground. The 'Welcome Stranger' nugget, which was found in 1869, weighed 78.37 kilos.