Методичка. Англ. Часть III

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ РФ

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

МОСКОВСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ им. И.М. СЕЧЕНОВА

Кафедра иностранных языков

МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

по переводу специальной литературы для студентов заочного отделения фармацевтического факультета

Часть III

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Москва, 2004

Методическое пособие составлено в соответствии с программой по английскому языку для студентов фармацевтических институтов и фармацевтических факультетов медицинских вузов, утвержденной в 2000 году Департаментом образовательных медицинских учреждений и кадровой политики Минздрава РФ.

Авторы-составители:

заведующая кафедрой иностранных языков, доцент

Марковина И.Ю.

доцент

Федорова Л.Н.

Максимова З.К.

© — Московская медицинская академия им. И.М. Сеченова, 2004

L E S S O N 1

Model 1

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INFINITIVE AS THE SUBJECT

1.It is impossible to establish the moment of transition of an amorphous substance from one state to another.

2.To retell this text is more difficult than to read it.

3.It is important to know that liquids occupy a definite volume at any given temperature.

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INFINITIVE – ADVERBIAL

1.Will you be so kind as to give me your preparation.

2.To transfer this solution you must take another test tube.

3.We were sitting too far away to hear the lecturer.

4.The students went to the laboratory to finish the experiment.

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ANALYZE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND TRANSLATE THEM INTO RUSSIAN:

1.The following methods are employed to check the calibration of the glass vessels used in volumetric analysis.

2.As it is not always possible to prepare all chemicals entirely free from impurities, definite limits, compatible with manufacturing conditions, must therefore be prescribed.

3.To remove water from drugs various methods are employed including application of heat.

T E X T

DEFINITION OF BOTANY

The science of botany consists in a general knowledge of plants and flowers; indeed, it may be said of all vegetation. It embraces their locality or native place of growth; their structure and peculiarities; their several properties and uses; but above all, it gives the power of distinguishing one sort from another, by natural characteristics, or artificial divisions. To attain this knowledge, it is first necessary to understand every separate part of a plant; to be able to dissect it and describe its most minute parts in botanical terms.

The study of these terms is in fact to vegetation what grammar is to language; it forms the groundwork from whence we commence our labours.

Various systems have been devised for facilitating this knowledge; but the one most generally in use is that invented by Linnaeus; it being adopted to all understandings from its extreme simplicity.

WORDS TO BE LEARNT

contrive inherit

to be acquainted with advise

E X E R C I S E S

I.STATE THE FUNCTION OF THE INFINITIVE AND TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO RUSSIAN:

1.Sometimes it is not possible to use any heat at all and other methods must be employed to remove the water.

2.Frequently it is desirable in order to obtain satisfactory preparations from animal glands to freeze these as soon as they have been taken from the animal and thus prevent deterioration.

3.To take a simple example an oil such as olive oil when shaken with water forms an unstable emulsion which on standing rapidly separates.

4.To know Mendeleyev's Periodical System of Chemical Elements is necessary for any pharmaceutical student.

II.TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING GROUPS OF WORDS INTO RUSSIAN:

to prevent, preventive, prevention

to separate, separation, separate, separator to invent, invention, inventor, inventive to simplify, simple, simply, simplicity botany, botanist, botanical

visible, invisible, vision

to define, definition, definite, indefinite, definitely

to distinguish, distinguishable, distinct, distinctly, distinction to localize, local, locality, localization

native, nation, national

III.UNDERLINE THE SUFFIXES IN THE FOLLOWING WORDS AND TRANSLATE THEM INTO RUSSIAN:

definition, division, deterioration, vegetation, calibration, fructification, peculiarity, locality, simplicity, visible, volumetric, phanerogamic, cryptogamic, famous, conspicuous.

IV. GROUP THE FOLLOWING WORDS IN PAIRS OF ANTONYMS:

to commence, to separate, simple, to compose, artificial, labour, difficult, obscure, to unite, incompatible, natural, slowly, rapidly, to include, to dissect, compatible, to finish, to exclude.

V.FORM NOUNS FROM THE FOLLOWING VERBS:

to prescribe, to facilitate, to derive, to embrace, to adopt, to depend, to compose, to inherit, to advise, to deteriorate, to plant, to know, to assist, to localize, to labour.

VI. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1.What does the science of botany consist in?

2.Does botany embrace the locality of different plants?

3.Why do we study every separate part of a plant?

4.Have various systems been devised to study botanical terms?

5.What did Linnaeus invent?

6.Is the system of Linnaeus simple?

7.What botanical terms do you know?

VII. TRANSLATE FROM RUSSIAN INTO ENGLISH:

1.Ботаника изучает строение цветов и листьев разных растений.

2.Студенты могут отличить одно растение от другого.

3.Вчера на уроке ботаники мы изучали свойство этого растения.

4.Мельчайшие части цветка видны под микроскопом.

5. Классификация Линнея охватывает 23 класса.

VIII. TRANSLATE INTO RUSSIAN WITH A DICTIONARY:

The Linnaeus system depends on the number or situation of the stamens. It is important to say that his classification is composed of two divisions; the first comprised twenty-three classes containing all such plants as have flowers conspicuous to the naked eye, and termed phanerogamic; the second is included in the twenty-fourth class called cryptogamic, and which contains all plants whose fructification is obscure, and not visible without the assistance of a microscope.

Thus, you see Linnaeus contrived to include all plants in only twenty-four classes and he came to see that their names are derived from such Greek words as express the character of each class (1st class, monandrie, signifying one stamen, 2nd – Di-andria, signifying two stamens, etc.).

IX. TRANSLATE INTO RUSSIAN WITHOUT A DICTIONARY:

Linnaeus was the son of a clergyman; he was by birth a Swede and born in 1707; he inherited his talents from his father, who also was famous for his botanical knowledge.

It was necessary to know that the Linnaean system is so generally understood that even those who are acquainted with all the other artificial arrangements, usually advise beginners to commence with that of Linnaeus as the most simple and the most easily committed to memory.

Linnaeus's system is the dictionary in which with the help of his 24 classes we may come to find the name of any plant in question.

L E S S O N 2

Model 2

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INFINITIVE – AS AN ATTRIBUTE

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1.Haven't you anyone to help you with this experiment?

2.Gas is characterised by its ability to fill any given volume.

3.The liquid air to be obtained from the machine is usually turbid.

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ANALYZE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND TRANSLATE THEM INTO RUSSIAN:

1.When a solution of ferrous sulphate is treated with a solution of potassium cyanide, ferrous cyanide is the first to precipitate.

2.Chlorine is a disinfectant to be limited in practice due to its corrosive action on metals.

3.Our scientists have developed a machine to count and determine biological microobjects.

T E X T

LEAVES

(Parts of Leaf)

There are two major branches of the seed plants; the gymnosperms and the angiosperms. The angiosperms, in turn are divided into monocotyledons (single seed leaf) and dicotyledons (two seed leaves).

Since a dicotyledon leaf includes almost all the structures to be found in the other two, it will be described. The usual type of thin leaf of a dicotyledon has several rather definite parts. The broad, flat expansion is the blade. Almost always there is a network of fine lines to extend in all directions in the blade.

These are the veins. Usually either a large vein, the midrib, extends the entire length of the blade or several radiating branches replace it.

The system of veins brings water and minerals into the leaf and carries away the

foods to be synthesized there.

The blade is usually attached to the stem of the plant by a slender leaf stalk or petiole. Petioles vary greatly in length in different species, sometimes being very short or entirely lacking. At the base of the petiole, where it is attached to the stem, there are frequently two small appendages sometimes to look like rudimentary leaves.

These are the stipules. The leaves of a majority of plants have no stipules, and in a considerable number they are present when the leaf is young but soon fall off.

WORDS TO BE LEARNT