Методичка. Англ. Часть III

E X E R C I S E S

I.POINT OUT THE INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS AND TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES INTO RUSSIAN:

1.We know the addition of silver nitrate to a solution of sodium chloride to cause precipitation of the silver as the white insoluble chloride.

2.The students found the seed plants to have two major branches.

3.We know a dicotyledon leaf to include almost all the structures found in other leaves.

4.They knew the leaves of many plants to have no stipules.

5.All the students know stems to vary in length, size and form.

6.Botanists consider the roots to be classified into different groups.

7.We know some roots to fit into several classifications depending on the principle to be used.

II.GIVE THE FOUR FORMS OF THE FOLLOWING VERBS:

to fit, to elongate, to arise, to withstand, to deal, to fall off, to hold.

III. FORM THE NOUNS CORRESPONDING TO THE GIVEN VERBS:

to recognize, to classify, to originate, to equip, to decide, to cause, to precipitate, to consider.

IV. ARRANGE THE WORDS IN PAIRS OF ANTONYMS:

commonly, primary, alike, indefinite, slowly, secondary, rapidly, rarely, different, definite.

V.FORM ADJECTIVES USING THE FOLLOWING SUFFIXES:

2.What can you say about the classification of roots?

3.How can we classify roots?

4.What does a plant embryo in the seed have?

5.What is the first structure to elongate into the soil when germination takes place?

6.How do we call the first root?

7.What are root branches?

8.What does the term “adventitious root” mean?

VII. SUGGEST THE ENGLISH FOR THE FOLLOWING:

1.Различные растения имеют корни различные по размерам и внешнему виду.

2.Многие корни варьируют по своей длине.

3.Корни можно классифицировать по их происхождению.

4.Первый корень называется первичным корнем.

5.Кроме первичных у растений бывают вторичные корни.

6.Мы знаем, что каждое растение имеет корень.

VIII.TRANSLATE INTO RUSSIAN WITH A DICTIONARY:

When we find the primary root to be large, penetrate deep into the soil, and have few or no large branches it is known as a tap root. Many garden vegetables such as radishes, turnips, and parsnips have fleshy tap roots. Trees that have well developed tap roots are especially equipped to withstand with storms and to absorb water and dissolved minerals from considerable depths.

We know many kinds of trees to have two sets of roots, a deep, tap root system, and a considerable number of roots that extend horizontally near the surface of the ground.

IX. TRANSLATE INTO RUSSIAN WITHOUT A DICTIONARY:

On superficial examination we find roots and stems to appear very much alike. When it is necessary to distinguish between the two, which is often the case in actual practice, we believe the botanists to have some reliable means of deciding whether he is dealing with root or stem. In all but rare instances a single criterion can be used as a means of recognizing the two.

It is this: the stem always has nodes and internodes wherever it grows and the root never has them under any circumstances.

L E S S O N 5

Model 5

_______________________________________________________________________

ASYNDETICAL CLAUSES

_______________________________________________________________________

1.The teacher ordered us to record any colour changes we observe.

2.Water is an excellent solvent for many of the compounds living organisms produce.

3.We knew he delivered lectures in Organic Chemistry.

4.The laboratory assistant said we must clean and dry the flask and weigh it.

5.This is the element you need.

_____________________________________________________________________

ANALYZE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND TRANSLATE THEM INTO RUSSIAN:

1.The part phosphoric acid plays in the utilization of glucose either by yeast or by animals in general explains the need for phosphates in all such organisms.

2.Determine the average diameter of the seeds, you were given for the examination and sketch one at a magnification of about twenty diameters to show the external features.

3.The teacher said we must examine the outer and inner surface of a piece of the stem and record the colour, surface conditions of each and make sketches.

T E X T

PARTS OF A FLOWER

The blossom of a plant or, as is commonly called, the flower, consists of six parts: 1. the calyx, 2. the corolla, 3. the stamens or stamina, 4. the pistil or pointal, 5. the pericarp, 6. the receptacle.

The words are derived from Greek and Latin languages.

The calyx is always different in colour from the blossom it supports. It is generally green, but in some instances brown, and even white; while very few are coloured.

The corolla is that beautiful part of a flower which attracts our attention from the variety of its tints, and richness of its colour. It is derived from the Latin word “corona”, a crown.

The stamens are those small thread-like substances we observe in the centre of all flowers.

The pistil grows in the very centre of the flower, immediately out of the seed-bud – of which, indeed, it forms a part and is surrounded by the stamens. We know it consists of three parts: the germen or future seed-vessel; the style and the summit or stigma. The stamens and pistil form the most essential part of a flower.

The pericarp is in fact the germen grown to perfection. It varies considerably in form, size and substance.

The receptacle is the base or bottom part of the blossom; it generally stands between the calyx and corolla, and supports or connects all the remaining parts of a flower.

WORDS TO BE LEARNT

E X E R C I S E S

I.TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:

1.The Rector told us about the research and progress our chemistry had made.

2.A volume of dilute solution of lead containing the maximum amount of lead permitted to be present in 10 gr of the substance we examined was added to the auxiliary solution.

3.Although it is found calcium oxalate is insoluble in solution of chloral hydrate and in caustic alkali, both these reagents will completely destroy crystals in the course of time.

4.He has just finished the experiment and left the laboratory saying he will return in an hour.

II.FORM ADVERBS FROM THE FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES:

attractive, significant, considerable, common, appropriate, fresh, regular, equal.

III. ARRANGE THE FOLLOWING WORDS IN PAIRS OF ANTONYMS:

primary, rich, reliable, bottom, different, significant, unreliable, poor, rare, top, irregular, secondary, alike, regular, insignificant.

IV. TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING GROUPS OF WORDS INTO RUSSIAN:

1.rich, richness, to enrich

2.attentive, attentively, attention

3.to attract, attraction, attractively, attracting

4.to protect, protection, protective

5.to signify, significance, significant, significantly

6.equal, equally, equality

7.applicant, applicable, to apply

8.considerably, consideration, considerable, to consider

9.to expand, expansion, expansive

V.ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1.How many parts does the flower consist of?

2.What are the parts of the flower?

3.What is the colour of the calyx?

4.What is the corolla?

5.Are the stamens small thread-like substances?

6.Where does the pistil grow?

7.Does the pistil form a part of seed-bud?

8.What parts does the pistil consist of?

9.What are the most essential parts of a flower?

10.Does pericarp vary in its form, size and substance?

11.What is the base or bottom part of the blossom?

VI. TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO ENGLISH:

1.Цветок состоит из 6 частей.

2.Чашечка цветка обычно бывает зелёной.

3.Венчик – самая красивая часть цветка.

4.Разные цветы имеют различные цвета и оттенки венчиков.

5.В центре всех цветов находятся тычинки.

6.В самом центре цветка находится пестик.

7.Пестик состоит из 3 частей.

8.Форма и размер цветка околоплодника различны.

9.Нижней частью цветка считается цветоложе.

VII. TRANSLATE INTO RUSSIAN WITH A DICTIONARY:

We know calyx is affixed to the stalk and is the covering which first shelters the bud, and then supports the blossom: in some instances it completely encloses the pericarp, or seed-vessel, in others, merely sustains the flower until it is fully expanded. When it consists of only one piece, it is simply called the flowercup (perianthium), it is also termed monophyllous to denote its being composed of one leaf. The calyx which consists of two leaves is termed diphyllous; it protects the bud until the corolla begins to expand

and then falls. This sort of calyx we spoke about is termed caducous, which signifies falling; but when it continues being fixed longer than the blossom, it is called permanent (persistent) which means remaining till the fruit is ripe.

VIII.TRANSLATE INTO RUSSIAN WITHOUT A DICTIONARY:

Sometimes the corolla is composed of one piece only, when it is termed monopetalous, one-plated; but when it is divided into many parts, we know it is called polypetalous, manypetaled. The petals are the several little leaves that compose the coloured parts of the blossom. When the petals are all of the same size and form, no matter what that form may be, the corolla is called regular; but when some are long and some are short and differing in shape as well as in size the corolla is called irregular; and this is equally applicable to the corolla of monopetalous and polypetalous flowers we mentioned earlier.

L E S S O N 6

Model 6

_______________________________________________________________________

THAT pronoun conjunction noun equivalent

_______________________________________________________________________

1.We compared the structure of black mustard with that of white one.

2.Add 2 ml of that solution to the reagent.

3.They found that there was a mistake in their experiment.

4.Iodine is one of the rarest non-metallic elements that is present in minute traces

everywhere.

_______________________________________________________________________

ANALYZE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND TRANSLATE THEM INTO RUSSIAN:

1.Examine the florets and note that they are all tubular.

2.The genus “Artemisia” is a very large one (consisting of over 260 species) and is subdivided into four divisions; that to which santonica belongs being known as “seriphidium”.

3.The effect of nitrobenzene on the blood is somewhat delayed as compared with that of inulin.

4.The smallest quantity of an element or of a compound that is capable of separate existence is a molecule.

T E X T

ROOTS AND RHIZOMES

Roots and rhizomes are the subterranean organs of perineal herbaceous plants that are usually gathered in autumn, washed and freed from earth, clipped or cut into pieces or freed from the cork, corresponding to the assumed for each drug dispensary form, and dried.

It is well known that entire roots and rhizomes are easily recognized by their appearance, colour and taste, as well as by the structure of the transverse section

discernible with the naked eye or using lens. Several structures are distinguished: 1) that of bilobate and rhizomes without bundles – the compact wood (xylem) is separated by a cambial ring from the bark, covered from the outside with a multiseriate brown cork; more or less distinct medullary rays penetrate the cut as radial stripes; rhizomes possess a pith, that is usually absent in roots; 2) that of the bilobate type of rhizomes with bundles – separate fibrovascular bundles arranged in a circle in the ground mass of the parenchyma, covered from the outside with brown cork; 3) that of the monolobate type of rhizomes with bundles – separate fibrovascular bundles scattered in the parenchyma of the central cylinder, separated by a thin line of endoderm from the primary cortex, covered from the outside with brown cork; only scarce vascular bundles occur in the primary cortex.

WORDS TO BE LEARNT

evident

E X E R C I S E S

I.TRANSLATE FROM ENGLISH INTO RUSSIAN:

1.As a matter of convenience, the elements are designated by symbols that are usually the first letter or letters of their names.

2.The presence of sulphuric acid prevents the precipitation of the more soluble sulphide ion concentration of hydrogen sulphide so that only extremely insoluble sulphide, like that of copper will precipitate.

3.Buffer solutions contain either a salt of a weak acid, or that of a weak base and a weak base (sodium acetate and acetic acid or ammonium chloride and ammonia).

4.The free acid (or base) being little ionized exists mainly as the undissociated molecule, whose colour differs from that of the dissociated ions of the salt.

5.He says that he began to study English last summer and now is speaking rather fluently.

II.STATE THE PART OF SPEECH THE FOLLOWING WORDS BELONG TO AND TRANSLATE THEM INTO RUSSIAN:

to thicken, to signify, reticulation, perfection, caducous, considerably, nauseous, radical, concentric, naked, dispensary.

III. FORM ADJECTIVES USING THE FOLLOWING SUFFIXES:

attentive, attractive, to protect, to signify, to consider, to apply, to perfect, rich, evident, to reticulate.