Вариант № 3

Задание № 1.Выберите соответствующееместоимение. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Some people are very nervous at (our; their; his) first drivinglessons.

2. It can be funny to compare advertisements for cars with the reality of driving (her, us,them).

3. (it, they, you) is known that different machines and mechanisms are being used in road constructionnowadays.

4. Russian engineers were the first (someone, anyone, ones) to construct granular surfacing laid on a sandbase.

Задание № 2.Выберите нужный предлогwith, over, in, to, of.Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The M 25, the motorway around London was opened …1986.

2. Winston Churchill described the car as the curse … the twentiethcentury.

3. Cities and towns all … the world have a trafficproblem.

4. The electric car had success … American women in the early1900s.

5. Many people have jobs that are related …cars.

Задание № 3.Закончитеразделительные вопросыи перепишите их.

1. Road building is one of the earliest arts known to mankind,…?

2. The strategic and commercial aims of the Roman Empire required the creation of broad lines of communication,…?

3. One day soon we will hear about a traffic jam all the way round the M 25 in both directions,…?

4. We do not have the technology to find a solution to the traffic problem,…?

5. The first road was simply a layer of logs and brushwood over marshland,…?

Задание № 4.Поставьте предложения с модальными глаголами впрошедшемилибудущемвремени, используя слова, данные в скобках.Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The spring flood may lead to disintegration of the road (lastyear).

2. With the use of tamed pack animals for transport paths must be cleared to a greater width and height (in the ancienttimes).

3. Road engineers can improve the road building operations (infuture).

Задание № 5.Выберитедействительнуюилистрадательную форму

глагола. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русскийязык.

1. New types of road construction (invented; were invented) by ThomasTelford

and John Macadam.

2. Road jobs (demand, are demanded) the extensive transportation of large quantities ofmaterials.

3. Every year thousands of kilometers of new highways (put, are put) intoservice.

4. Nowadays a great care (take, is taken) to the safety onroads.

Задание № 6.Переделайте предложения издействительного залога в страдательный, сохраняя видовременную форму сказуемого. Напишите и переведите полученные предложения на русский язык.

1. The Romans built a military road through some of the highest and wildest country inEngland.

2. In the period of early human settlements people were gradually making footpath.

3. The town of Delft in Holland has solved the traffic problems by encouraging people tocycle.

4. They are building a tunnel to link the island with themainland.

5. Urban highway construction inevitably causes disruption totraffic.

Задание № 7.Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Выпишите из каждогоглагол – сказуемоеи определите его видовременную форму и залог. Напишите форму инфинитива глагола.

1. By 2015, the number of cars on our roads willdouble.

2. Today people call the M 25 the biggest car park inEurope.

3. In both town and country, the greatest nuisance has always been caused to those living, working and walking within the road’s noisezone.

4. The first artificially constructed roads were made in mountainous and forested country.

5. The underpasses in Düsseldorf had been created attractive topedestrians.

6. Cars are symbols of freedom, wealth andmasculinity.

Задание № 8.Выберите нужную формуглагола. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. If trains … (carry) more people, the roads … (not/be) socrowded.

2. If Romans … (not/invade) Britain they … (not/build) their roadsthere.

3. If there … (be) more roads, there … (be) more cars to usethem.

4. If you … (start) earlier, you … (not miss) the trainyesterday.

Задание № 9.Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык. Выпишите причастный(Absolute Participle Construction)или инфинитивный(Complex Object, Complex Subject)оборот и определите его тип.

1. The federal road system is known to provide the drivers and passengers with hotels and restaurants, service stations and repairshops.

2. In the second half of the 18th century a period of intensive road building began, the rate of building being dependant upon the rate of development of industry and commerce in variousstates.

3. The driver wanted the car to be filledup.

Задание № 10.Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Traffic Problems Can Be Solved

Advertisements for cars don’t show the reality of driving. Cities and towns all over the world have a huge problem: traffic jams. Of course cars are symbols of freedom and wealth. They represent a personal choice to travel when and where you want to but when you are stuck in a traffic jam; all cars are just little metal boxes to sit in.

There are millions of cars on the road today. How do cities cope with this?

Some of them have found solutions to their traffic problems.

The city Curitiba in Brazil has very few traffic jams. This is because the authorities have developed an efficient bus network to transport people rapidly around the city. Main roads have special lanes for buses only, so that they do not get caught in trafficjams.

In Milan, cars need a permit to enter the city center. Only residents and some employers can obtain a permit, so very little traffic now drives in or out. Nearly everyone parks on the edge of the restricted area and heads for the center on foot. As a result, Milan now has many pedestrian-only shopping streets.

In Athens, car owners are only allowed to drive into the city centre every other day. They must match the final number of their car number plate to the day’s date

• if the date is an even number, and so is the final number of the number plate, then they can enter the inner-city area. The same goes for odd number platesandodd dates. This means that 50 per cent of all cars must stay at home eachday.

a traffic jam – дорожная пробка

to be stuck – застревать

to cope – справляться

a bus network – сеть автобусных маршрутов

a lane – полоса движения residents – постоянные жители an employer – предприниматель on foot – пешком

every other day – через день

Задание № 11.Закончите предложение, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания.

Only residents and some employers can obtain a permit, so …

1. car owners are only allowed to drive into the city centre every otherday

2. very little traffic now drives in orout

3. they do not get caught in trafficjams

Задание № 12.Перепишите вопросы к тексту и письменно ответьте на них.

1. What is a huge problem of cities and towns all over theworld?

2. Have some cities found solutions to their trafficproblems?

3. Why does the city Curitiba have very few trafficjams?

4. Milan now has many pedestrian-only shopping streets, hasn’tit?

5. How many cars must stay at home each day inAthens?