Paranephral abscess
Palpation of right kidney
Palpation of left kidney
Striking test
Auscultation of renal arteries
Laboratory methods
Urinary test
•Common urinary test
•Nechiporenko test (in 1ml Er<1000, L<2000)
•Zymnitsky test (1005-1025, day diuresis 2/3, night diuresis 1/3)
•Urine culture (bacteriuria >105)
•24 h proteinuria (N <0,05 g)
•microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24 h)
•Biochemical urinary test
Laboratory methods
•Blood tests
–clinical [common] blood analysis
–biochemical blood examination
Laboratory methods
Immunology
•ASLO, CRP (acute GN)
•Compliment, ANF, LE-cells, immunoglobulines A, M, G (SLE)
•ANCA (Wegener vasculitis)
•Antibodies to glomerular basal membrane (Goodpscher’s syndrome)
•Antibodies to cardiolipins (antiphospholipin syndrome)
•Markers of HBV и HCV, cryoglobulins (hepatitis, cirrhosis)
Proteinuria
•Selective (proteins with low molecular mass - albumin)
•Nonselective (proteins with medium and h[gh molecular mass)
•Glomerular
•Tubular (<2 g/24 h, proteins with low molecular mass –
ß2-microglobulin)
•Overflow or Bence Jones proteinuria (myeloma)
•Functional proteinuria
-orthostatic
-exertional
-feverish
-idiopathic
Proteinuria
Microalbuminuria (MAU) - early marker of kidney damage in
DM and AH
MAU – albumin excretion of 30-300 mg/24 h, 20-200 mg/l in morning urine or ratio albumin/creatinin 17-250 mg/g (m) и
25-355 mg/g (f).
low grade <500 mg/24 h |
moderate <3 g/24 h |
massive >3 g/24 h |
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Hypertonic nephrosclerosis |
Chronic pyelonephritis |
Acute glomerulonephritis |
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Obstructive nephropathy |
Tubular necrosis |
Chronic glomerulonephritis |
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Kidney tumor |
Acute glomerulonephritis |
Diabetic nephropathy |
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Fever |
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Chronic |
Preeclampsia |
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Interstitial nephritis |
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glomerulonephritis |
Myeloma |
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Chronic pyelonephritis |
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Obstructive nephropathy |
All causes of nephrotic |
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Early diabetic nephropathy |
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Orthostatic proteinuria |
Orthostatic proteinuria |
syndrome |
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Kidney amyloidosis |
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Kidney amyloidosis |
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Acute glomerulonephritis |
Malignant |
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Chronic glomerulonephritis |
hypertension |
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Urinary tract infection |
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