es as automatic 30)___, automatic telephone 31)___ and automated control 32)___ are used to 33)___ various 34)___ much 35)___ and 36)___ than could be done by 37)___.

How many mistakes have you done? What are they?

Сthe questions of your groupmates.

Lesson 5

 Refresh the words in Ex. I (Lesson 4) and get ready to have a dictation. Share your PowerPoint presentations and be ready to answer

I. Listen and repeat. Using the dictionary, write in the [træn'skripSn] of the words into the table below. The first word is already done for

II. Find the words in the text “Automation. PartИII” and translate the word combinations having them. The first word combination is already done for you:

motorize – these specialized machines were motorized… Эти специаль-

ные машины были моторизованы…

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III. Work in pairs. Think of 2 or 3 sentences using the words from Ex. I and Participle I, Participle II. Exchange the sentences and make the correction if necessary. Study the prompts in italics.

С* Now find sentences with Participle I, Participle II in the text “Automation.иPart II” and translate them.

IV. Read the text paying attention to the underlined phrases or sentences. Why are they marked?

бAUTOMATION. Part II

Automated manufacturingАhad several steps in its development. Mechanization was the first step necessary in the development of automation. The simplification of work made it possible to design and build machines that resembled the motions of the worker. These specialized machines were motorized and they had better production efficiency.

Industrial robots, originally designedДonly to perform simple tasks in environments dangerous to human workers, are now widely used to transfer, manipulate, and position both light and heavy workpieces performing all the functions of a transfer machine.

In the 1920s the automobile industry for theИfirst time used an integrated system of production. This method of production was adopted by most car manufacturers and became known as Detroit automation.

The feedback principle is used in all automatic-control mechanisms when machines have ability to correct themselves. The feedback principle has been used for centuries. An outstanding early example is the flyball governor, invented in 1788 by James Watt to control the speed of the steam engine. The common household thermostat is another example of a feedback device.

Using feedback devices, machines can start, stop, speed up, slow down, count, inspect, test, compare, and measure. These operations are commonly applied to a wide variety of production operations.

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Computers have greatly facilitated the use of feedback in manufacturing processes. Computers gave rise to the development of numerically controlled machines. The motions of these machines are controlled by punched paper or magnetic tapes. In numerically controlled machining centres machine tools can perform several different machining operations.

СMore recently, the introduction of microprocessors and computers have made possible the development of computer-aided design and computer-

aided manufacture (CAD and CAM) technologies. When using these systems a designer draws a part and indicates its dimensions with the help of a mouse, light pen, or other input device. After the drawing has been completed the computer automatically gives the instructions that direct a machining centre to machine the part.

и operation ofбthe whole factory.

Another development using automation is the flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). A computer in FMS can be used to monitor and control the

Automation has also had an influence on the areas of the economy other than manufacturing. Small computers are used in systems called word processors, which are rapidly becoming a standard part of the modern office. They are used to editАtexts, to type letters and so on.

Many industries are highly automated or use automation technology in some part of their operation. In communications and especially in the telephone industry dialing and transmission are all done automatically. Railways are also controlled by automatic signaling devices, which have sensors that detect carriages passing a particular point. In this way the movement and location of trains can be monitored.

The automation technology in manufacturing and assembly is widely used in car and other consumer product industries.

Nevertheless, each industry has its own concept of automation that answers its particular production needs.

V. Give the English equivalents to the following word combinations using the text “Automation. Part II”.

1)автоматизированное производство;

2)выполнять простые задачи;

3)как легкие, так и тяжелые детали;

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4) интегрированная система производства;

5) принцип обратной связи;

6) механизм может разгоняться и тормозить;

8. The … depends on each industry own concept of automation and its particular …

Д VII. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questionsИwithout looking back at the text. The sentences from Ex. VI can help you.

1.How is the term automation defined in the text?

2.What is the most «familiar example» of automation given in the text?

3.What was the first step in the development of automaton?

4.What were the first robots originally designed for?

5.What was the first industry to adopt the new integrated system of production?

6.When was an integrated system of production used for the first time?

7.What is known as Detroit automation?

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8. What is feedback principle?

9. For what purpose did James Watt invent the flyball governor? And when?

10. What operations are commonly applied to a wide variety of production

A.Memorize the words from Ex. I and be ready to do a dictation.

B.It is very important to be able to analyze and compress the information you are constantly getting. Making abstracts and summaries can be very helpful. Try to write the summary of the text above. Useful phrases are here http://www.kfmaas.de/summary1.html and here

http://www.findyourfeet.de/usr/doc/FyF cm writingsummary.pdf. What’s the difference between an abstract and a summary?бА

paper to be presented at a seminar or a conference, whereas Summary is

usually presented at the end of an essay or paper.

An abstract is said to reflect the mind of Иthe author of the research paper. A summary, on the other hand, is said to reflect the events of the particular act of a play, in a nutshell.

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1.Reason for writing: What is the importance of the research? Why would a reader be interested in the larger work?

2.Problem: What problem does this work attempt to solve? What is the

scope of the project? What is the main argument, thesis or claim?

3.Methodology: An abstract of a scientific work may include specific models or approaches used in the larger study. Other abstracts may describe the types of evidence used in the research.

4.Results: An abstract of a scientific work may include specific data thatАб

5. Implications: How does this work add to the body of knowledge on the topic? Are there any practical or theoretical applications from your findings or implications for future research?

Look specifically for these main parts of the article, paper, or report: purpose, methods, scope, results, conclusions, and recommendation.

If you’re writing an abstract about another person’s article, paper, or report, the introduction and the summary are good places to begin. These areas generally cover what the article emphasizes.

After you’ve finished rereading the article, paper, or report, write a rough draft without looking back at what you’re abstracting.

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Don’t merely copy key sentences from the article, paper, or report: you’ll put in too much or too little information.

Don’t rely on the way material was phrased in the article, paper, or report: summarize information in a new way.

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TEST YOURSELF

Automated manufacturing had several 1)___ in its 2)___. 3)___ was

the first step necessary in the development of automation. The 4)___ of work made it possible to 5)___ and 6)___ machines that resembled the

12)dangerous to human workers, are now widely used to 13)___,

14), and 15) both light and heavy 16)___ performing all the func-

operation of the 37)___ factory.

Automation has also had an 38)___ on the areas of the economy other than manufacturing. Small computers are used in systems called word 39)___, which are rapidly becoming a standard part of the modern 40)___.

Not all industries 41)___ the same degree of automation. Sales, agriculture, and some service industries are 42)___ to automate, though agriculture industry may become more 43)___, especially in the 44)___ and 45)___ of foods.

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