scientists considered instinct a dead issue – зд. ученые считали инстинкт темой,

снятой с повестки дня (дословно – мертвой темой)

distinction is far from absolute – различие, далекое от идеального

...encompasses an enormous range of mechanisms underlying behavior and its development – включает в себя огромный массив механизмов, лежащих в

PHRASES

be of the opinion that … (formal) (= to believe or think that) a difference of opinion

in my humble opinion (humorous) a matter of opinion

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Opinion is what people in general think about sth

Opinions are mixed regarding genetically-modified food.

If you want my honest opinion, I think the book is awful.

If in doubt about your diagnosis, get a second opinion.

The bishop spoke without passing any opinion on the scandal.

opinions as to the meritsАof the scheme He has a very high opinion of your work.

He asked me for my opinion on the course.

I formed the opinion that he was not to be trusted.

Opinions differ as to when this wine should be drunk.

In my opinion, golf is a dull sport.

She holds strong opinions on education

Contrary to popular opinion, many adultДcats dislike milk.

…a genuine difference of opinion between the experts ‘London is wonderful.’ ‘That's a matter of opinion.’

This view is supported by a growing body of professional opinion. …attempts to shape public opinion

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3. Прочитайте, переведите текст и постройте опорную схему, отображающую содержание текста. Разверните полученную схему в текст.

An opinion is a judgment, viewpoint, or statement that is not conclusive.

A given opinion may deal with subjective matters in which there is no conclusive finding, or it may deal with facts which are sought to be disputed by the logical fallacy that one is entitled to their opinions.

Distinguishing fact from opinion is that facts are verifiable, i.e. can be agreed to by the consensus of experts. An example is: "United States of America was involved in the Vietnam War," versus "United States of America was right to get involved in the Vietnam War". An opinion may be supported by facts and principles, in which case it becomes an argument.

б meeting a higher standard toАsubstantiate the opinion.

"The scientific opinion" (or scientific consensus) can be compared to "the public

opinion" and generally refers to the collection of the opinions of many different scientific organizations and entities and individual scientists in the relevant field. Science may often, however, be "partial, temporally contingent, conflicting, and

uncertain"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpinionД- cite note-Wynne-2 so that there may be no

accepted consensus for a particular situation. In other circumstances, a particular scientific opinion may be at odds with consensus.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion - cite_note-Wynne-2 Scientific literacy, also called public understanding of science, is an educational goal concerned with providing the public with the necessary tools to benefit from scientific opinion.

4. Переведите, дайте определение понятий, найдите в словаре антонимы: an opinion –

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Intention + behind \ by \ in

PHRASES

good/the best intentions

have every/no intention of doing sth make your intention clear

2. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Выпишите то, что

поможет вам построить описание знакомого или воображаемого человека с точки зрения его намерений:

The council has announced its intention to crack downИon parking offences. I went to the bank with the intention of getting some traveller's cheques. The general intention behind the project is a good one.

The intention by the local authority to build 2,000 new houses is unrealistic. His intention in inviting us to dinner was to persuade us to back his project. It was done with the best intentions, I assure you

We have every intention of winning the next election. He didn't make his intentions clear in his letter.

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3. Прочитайте, переведите текст и постройте опорную схему, отображающую содержание текста. Разверните полученную схему в текст.

Intention is a mental state that represents a commitment to carrying out an action or actions in the future. Intention involves mental activities such as planning and forethought.

Folk psychology explains human behavior on the basis of mental states, Сincluding beliefs, desires, and intentions. Mental mechanisms, including intention, explain behavior in those individuals is seen as actors who have desires and who attempt to achieve goals that are directed by beliefs. Thus, an intentional action is a function to accomplish a desired goal and is based on the belief that the course of

action will satisfy a desire.

и self or the actor.бIt is thought that pointing, especially declarative pointing (i.e.

Gestures and object-directed intentions. Gestures are often recognized as a tool

indicative of higher social reasoning. In order to engage in or understand a gesture, an individual has to recognize it as an indicator of an object or event separate from the

pointing intended to direct and share intention rather than request an object), reveals the understanding of others as attention and intentional agents. This understanding is indicated by object-directed reactions to pointing (rather than focusing on the hand). Pointing is also thought to denote perspective-taking ability and understanding

Embodiment perspective.АThe embodiment hypothesis holds that cognition arises out of an individual's physical interactions with the environment. In this way, environment and behavior are an integralДpart of cognition and what psychologists conceive of as ‘mental representations’ are indistinguishable from perception and action. The ontogenetic development of social cognition may be thought of as intertwined with the development pointing actions. According to this perspective, gestures are not just indicators of development but play a key role in how children

of intention, as the individual must be able to understand that the actor is attending to the object and, perhaps most importantly, that the actor is attempting to communicate information regarding the referent.

come to develop advanced social cognition, including understanding of objectdirected relations and human intention. In particular, engaging in physical actions oneself may provide insight into the structure of another's actions (eventually leading to a more nuanced understanding of another's mind).

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