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СТРУКТУРА ЛИЧНОСТИ |
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Структура |
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Неосознанны |
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Осознание |
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Желания |
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Возможности |
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Эмоции |
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Убежден е |
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Память |
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Чувства |
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Привычки |
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Намерен я |
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Мотивы |
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Рефлексия |
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Опыт (знания) |
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Потребности |
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1. Из предложенного ниже списка слов выберите лексемы по теме «Структура личности» и представьте перевод Схемы № 1: personality
structure, motives, intentions, feelings, emotions, desires, will, conscious, |
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unconscious, memory, experience, habit, need, knowledge, reflection, abilities, |
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attitudes, instinct, opinion. |
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2. Разверните полученную |
схему в небольшой |
текст, используя |
структуры N consists of…\includes…, There are some…, We can enumerate the |
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following components of…, unconscious elements of personality’s structure are… |
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3. Составьте словосочетания существительное + прилагательное и |
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существительное + глагол с лексемой personality. |
следующие |
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сведения и фразы:
Используйте
be, have \ develop \ express, reflect \ suit + personality
Personality + characteristic, trait \ type \ disorder, problem\ development \ change \ test
PHRASES
an aspect of your personality
a clash of personalities, the force/power/strength of your personality impose/stamp your personality on sth
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4. Переведите на русский язык предложения, включающие некоторые
из полученных (задание 3) словосочетаний и фраз:
Barbara is/has a very forceful personality. |
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His choice of clothes reflects his personality. |
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The job didn't really suit my personality. |
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All candidates have to undergo a personality test. |
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For the first time she was seeing the more unpleasant aspects of her husband's |
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personality. |
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He has achieved success by the sheer strength of his personality. |
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5. |
полученными |
словосочетаниями |
постройте |
развернутые |
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ниже |
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личности |
знакомого |
или |
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предложен я, |
оп сывающие |
структуру |
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воображаемого человека. |
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6. Перевед |
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данный |
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текст, представьте |
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содержание в |
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обобщенном определен |
понятия «личность» и опорной схемы. |
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Personality is |
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as the |
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characteristic |
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of behaviors, cognitions, |
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and emotional patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors. While |
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there is no generally agreed upon definition of personality, |
most theories |
focus |
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on motivation and psychological interactions with |
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environment. Trait-based |
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approaches define personalityАthrough learning and habits. Nevertheless, most theories view personality as relatively stable. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality -
personality theories, such as those defined by Raymond Cattell define personality as the traits that predict a person's behavior. On the other hand, more behaviorally based
cite_note-Handbook-1
The study of the psychology of personality, called personality psychology, attempts to explain the tendencies that underlie differences in behavior. Many approaches have been taken on to study personality, including biological, cognitive,
learning and trait based theories, as well as psychodynamic, and humanistic |
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approaches. Personality psychology is divided among the first theorists, with a few |
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influential theories being posited |
Дby Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Gordon |
Allport, Hans Eysenck, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers.И
7. Изучите схему «Характер». С использованием данных ниже слов
переведите и дополните схему сведениями о том, какие качества и свойства присущи сильному и слабому характеру, спокойному и агрессивному человеку и т.д.
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Характер |
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Сильный |
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Слабый |
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Спокойный |
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Агрессивный / напористый |
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Легкий, легкомысленный |
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Тяжелый/ сложный, серьезный |
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С |
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Замкнутый/ интроверт |
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Открытый / экстраверт |
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Веселый/ ж знерадостный |
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Скучный |
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Неуравновешенный |
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Уравновешенный |
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Уступч вый |
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Упрямый |
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Ответственный |
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Безответственный |
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Дружелю ный |
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Невыносимый |
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Настойч вый |
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Слабовольный |
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Схема 2. Характер |
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arrogant – высокомерный [ˈærəɡənt] |
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boastful – хвастливый [ˈbəʊstfəl] |
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brave – храбрый [breɪv] |
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bright – способный [braɪt] |
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broad – minded – с широким кругозором [brɔːd ˈmaɪndɪd] |
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calculating – расчетливый [ˈkælkjʊleɪtɪŋ] |
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calm – спокойный [kɑːm] |
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can-do – исполнительный [kæn duː] |
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cold – холодный [kəʊld] |
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competitive – конкурентоспособный [kəmˈpetətɪv] |
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confident – уверенный [ˈkɒnfɪdənt] |
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considerate – внимательный [kənˈsɪdərət] |
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cooperative – отзывчивый, сотрудничающий [kəʊˈɒpərətɪv] creative – творческий [kriːˈeɪtɪv]
cunning – хитрый [ˈkʌnɪŋ] curious – любопытный [ˈkjʊərɪəs] decent – порядочный [ˈdiːsnt]
depressed – подавленный, унылый [dɪˈprest]
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emotional – эмоциональный [ɪˈməʊʃn̩əl] enterprising – предприимчивый [ˈentəpraɪzɪŋ] faithful – верный [ˈfeɪθfəl]
friendly – дружелюбный [ˈfrendli]
good-natured – хороший характер, добродушный [ɡʊd ˈneɪtʃəd]
greedy – жадный [ˈɡriːdi] |
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guilty – виновный [ˈɡɪlti] |
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hard-headed – твердолобый [hɑːd ˈhedɪd] |
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hard-working – трудолюб вый [ˈhɑːdˌwɜːkɪŋ] |
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honest – честный [ˈɒnɪst] |
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hospitable – гостепр |
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hot-tempered – вспыльч вый [hɒt ˈtempəd] |
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impudent – нахальный [ˈɪmpjʊdənt] |
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incorruptible – неподкупный [ˌɪnkəˈrʌptəbl̩] |
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irritable – раздраж тельный [ˈɪrɪtəbl̩] |
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lonely – од нок [ˈləʊnli] |
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modest – скромный [ˈmɒdɪst] |
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nervous – нервный [ˈnɜːvəs] |
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observant – |
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obstinate – упрямый [ˈɒbstɪnət] |
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optimistic – оптимистичный [ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk] |
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party-goer– тусовщик |
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persistent – настойчивый [pəˈsɪstənt] |
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practical – практичный [ˈpræktɪkl̩] |
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pretty – милая, прелестная (о женщине) [ˈprɪti] |
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purposeful – целеустремленный [ˈpɜːpəДsfəl] quick witted – находчивый [kwɪk ˈwɪtəd] quiet – тихий [ˈkwaɪət]
reserved – сдержанный [rɪˈzɜːvd] respectful – почтительный [rɪˈspektfəl] responsible – ответственный [rɪˈspɒnsəbl̩] sad – печальный [sæd]
sceptical – скептический [ˈskeptɪkl̩] self-confident – самоуверенный [self ˈkɒnfɪdənt]
self-possessed – выдержанный, хладнокровный [ˌself pəˈzest] selfish – эгоистичный [ˈselfɪʃ]
serious – серьезный [ˈsɪərɪəs] shy – застенчивый [ʃaɪ]
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sociable – общительный, коммуникабельный [ˈsəʊʃəbl̩] stable – стабильный [ˈsteɪbl̩]
talkative – разговорчивый [ˈtɔːkətɪv] tolerant – терпимый [ˈtɒlərənt] tough – жесткий [tʌf]
traditional – традиционный [trəˈdɪʃn̩əl] trusting – доверчивый [ˈtrʌstɪŋ]
warm – милый (о мужчине) [wɔːm]
8. Проч тайте |
переведите текст. На основе содержания текста и |
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данных н же схем «Темперамент» и «Качества характера» постройте |
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Собщую опорную схему. |
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Temperaments
All people are different. Some are jolly, easy-going and friendly, others are melancholic, reserved and distrustful; some are active and sociable, others prefer to
stay at home and enjoy loneliness and silence. Character is an interesting and |
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complicated part of a personality. |
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There areбfour basic temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and |
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melancholic. |
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Sanguine people are jolly, optimistic and communicative, they like to be in the |
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company of others and they don’t fixate on negative events. |
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Phlegmatic people are calm, patient, tolerant and caring, it is almost impossible to make them angry or excited, they are usually faithful friends.
People of the melancholic temperament are serious, careful and quiet. They like loneliness and are disposed to sad and thoughtful moods.
Finally, choleric people are short-tempered, impulsive and restless. They are |
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usually strong and energetic leaders. |
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Most often, people have mixed temperaments, for example, half choleric and half melancholic, or half melancholic and half phlegmatic.
Introversion and extraversion. People are also divided into two types: extraverts and introverts. The first type is open, expressive and outgoing; these people look for new impressions and like to communicate with others. The outer world is their source of energy. The second type is quiet and reserved. Introverted people feel much more comfortable, when they are alone. Their source of energy is inside themselves.
Optimists and pessimists. All people can show a variety of emotions, be cheerful or sad, happy or unhappy. But at the same time, people can be divided into two groups, depending on their general outlook – positive or negative. We usually call them optimists and pessimists. The former are disposed to feeling happy and selfconfident, while the latter – to feeling unhappy and focusing on problems.
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9. Изучите данные ниже схемы и разверните их в связные тексты:
Темперамент |
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Признаки |
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ангвиник |
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Живой, подвижный, быстро отзывающийся на происходящие события, |
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сравнительно легко переживающий неудачи и неприятности |
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Флегмат к |
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Медл тельный, невозмутимый с устойчивыми стремлениями и более или |
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менее постоянным настроением, со слабым внешним выражением |
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неудачи |
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душевных состояний |
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Холер к |
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Быстрый, порывистый, способный отдаваться делу со страстностью, но не |
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уравновешенный, склонный к бурным эмоциональным вспышкам и резким |
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сменам настроения |
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Меланхол к |
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Легкоранимый, склонный глубоко переживать даже незначительные |
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, но внешне вяло реагирующий на окружающее, подавленный |
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Characteristic |
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Sanguine |
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active and agile, quickly respond to the surrounding events, is relatively easy |
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experiencing failures and troubles |
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Phlegmatic |
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slow, imperturbable with steady aspirations and more or less constant mood, |
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with a weak external expression of mental states |
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Choleric |
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fast, impetuous, able to be given to business with passion, but unbalanced, |
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prone to violent emotional outbursts and sudden changes of mood |
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И |
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Melancholic |
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easily vulnerable, prone to deep experience even minor setbacks, but |
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Схема 3. Темперамент / Temperaments |
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apparently sluggish response to the environment |
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Схема 3. Темперамент |
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10. Изучите данные ниже таблицы и ответьте на вопрос, какому типу
темперамента свойственны представленные в них черты характера.
Гордость |
Скромность |
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гордиться – be proud |
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хвастаться – boast |
робеть – be shy |
зазнаваться – put on airs |
скромничать – be modest |
быть наглым – be insolent |
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наглеть – be impudent |
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14