6. Изучите видео «Speaking English – Expressing ability with CAN, COULD, BE ABLE TO». Выпишите самые важные советы и рекомендации. Задайте 10 вопросов разных типов (специальные, альтернативные, разделительные, косвенные) по содержанию данной в видео информации. Будьте готовы ответить на вопросы одногруппников.
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ОТНОШЕНИЯ |
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1. Изучите сочетаемостные возможности лексемы attitude, выпишите |
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полезные для оп сан я л чности словосочетания: |
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conciliatory, favourable, friendly, positive, responsible, right, sympathetic |
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и |
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aggressive, bad, belligerent, cavalier, critical, hostile, irreverent, negative, |
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patronizing, wrong \ carefree, casual, |
flexible, laid-back, liberal, relaxed |
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conservative, inflexible, rigid, uncompromising \ ambivalent \ general, prevailing, |
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public \ changing \ mental, moral, sexual + attitude |
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adopt, have, take \ change |
+ attitude |
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Attitude + exist, persist, prevail |
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Attitude + problem |
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Attitude + about \ of \ to/towards |
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PHRASES |
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a change in/of attitude, |
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with attitude (informal) (= having |
a confident, aggressive attitude that |
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challenges what people think) a rock band with attitude |
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2. Переведите предложенияАна русский язык. Выпишите то, что |
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поможет вам построить описание знакомого или воображаемого человека с |
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точки зрения его отношения к чему-либо\кому-либо: |
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She seems to have the right attitude for the job. |
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The teachers seem to have a very relaxed attitude towards discipline. |
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The general attitude of the public isДsympathetic. |
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The government has taken a positive attitude to this problem. |
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The experience changed his attitude to religion. |
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This sort of attitude exists among certain groups of people. |
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At school he was thought to have an attitude problem. |
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…changing attitudes about death |
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…an attitude of confidence and trust Youth is simply an attitude of mind.
There has been a marked change in attitude towards the European single currency.
3. Постройте опорную схему, содержащую сферы жизни – явления \ объекты – отношения людей к ним. Разверните полученные цепочки в предложения.
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4. Переведите представленный ниже текст, на основе его содержания постройте опорную схему, по которой легко будет пересказать текст.
In psychology, attitude is a psychological construct, a mental and emotional entity that inheres in, or characterizes a
person.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_(psychology) - cite_note-1 They are complex and
an acquired state through experiences. It is an individual's predisposed state of mind
Сpresent. Key topics in the study of attitudes include attitude strength, attitude change,иconsumer behavior, and attitude-behavior relationships.
regarding a value and it is precipitated through a responsive expression toward a person, place, thing, or event (the attitude object) which in turn influences the individual's thought and action. Attitude can be formed from a person's past and
An attitude is an evaluation of an attitude object, ranging from extremely negative to extremely positive. Most contemporary perspectives on attitudes also permit that people can also be conflicted or ambivalent toward an object by simultaneously holding both positive and negative attitudes toward the same object. This has led to some discussion of whether individual can hold multiple attitudes
toward the same object.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_(psychology) - cite_note-5
An attitude can be as a positive or negative evaluation of people, objects, events, activities, and ideas. It could be concrete, abstract or just about anything in your environment, but there is a debate about precise definitions.
Attitude may influence the attention to attitude objects, the use of categories for |
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encoding information and the interpretation, judgement and recall of attitude-relevant |
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information. These influences tend to be more powerful for strong attitudes which |
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are accessible and based on elaborate |
supportive knowledge |
structure. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude (psychology) - |
cite note-auto1-8Attitudes |
can guide |
encoding information, attentionАand behaviors, even if the individual is pursuing |
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unrelated goals. |
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5. Изучите данную ниже лексику и постройте опорные схему, |
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показывающие, какие объекты / явления / события могут вызвать то или |
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иной отношение. |
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Хорошее отношение |
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Плохое отношение |
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Ненавидеть – hate |
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И |
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Влюбиться – fall in love |
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Ненавидеть – detest |
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Любить – love |
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Не любить – dislike |
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Любить – be fond of |
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Не обращать внимания – disregard |
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Любить / нравиться – like |
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Бранить – scold |
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Предпочитать – prefer |
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Ссориться – quarrel |
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Уважать – respect |
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Упрекать – reproach |
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Ценить – esteem |
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Обвинять – accuse |
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Хвалить – praise |
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Завидовать – envy |
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39
6. Изучите данную ниже схему и составьте по ней текст о типах взаимоотношений между людьми.
Взаимоотношения
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Деловые / официальные |
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Межличностные/ неофициальные |
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Учитель – ученик |
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Соседи |
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Начальн к – подчиненный |
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Знакомые \ приятели / товарищи |
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пассажир |
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Друзья \ враги \ соперники / Предатель |
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Доктор – пациент |
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Продавец – покупатель |
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Любовники / супруги \ изменник |
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Вод тель – |
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Семейные |
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Тренер – спортсмен |
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Коллеги, партнеры |
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А |
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Relationships |
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Business / official |
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Interpersonal / informal |
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Teacher-student |
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Neighbourhood |
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Supervisor-subordinate |
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Familiar \ friends |
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Doctor-patient |
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Friends \ enemies \ rivals / Traitor |
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Seller-buyer |
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Lovers / husband and wife \ traitor |
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Driver-passenger |
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Family |
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Coach-athlete |
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Colleagues, partners |
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Схема 6. Типы взаимоотношений между людьми
40
ИНСТИНКТЫ
1. Изучите сочетаемостные возможности лексемы instinct, выпишите полезные для описания личности словосочетания:
deep, powerful, strong \ gut \ first, initial \ good, unerring \ base \ basic \ natural \ primitive \ creative \ aggressive, competitive \ maternal, mothering, protective \
fighting, hunting, |
killer, |
predatory (often figurative)\ survival |
\ herd \ sexual \ |
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business, commercial, political \ animal, human + instinct |
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have \ lack \ develop |
\ follow, go on, obey, rely on, trust |
\ ignore, suppress \ |
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satisfy \ appeal to \ share + instinct |
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описание |
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Instinct + tell sb sth \ guide sb \ take over \ be right/wrong |
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by \ on + instinct |
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instinct + for |
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2. Перевед те предложения на русский язык. Выпишите то, что |
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поможет вам постро ть |
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знакомого или воображаемого человека с |
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точки зрен я его |
нст нктивного поведения: |
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What makes all theseАpeople come to the club? In my view it's the herd instinct. In negotiating you have to develop an instinct for when to be tough and when to
His first instinct was to run away from danger.
Against her better instincts, she ran back into the burning house to save some of
her jewellery.
He had an unerring instinct for when people were lying to him.
make a deal.
He plays well but lacks that killer instinct that wins matches. Д
Why don't you just follow your natural instincts?
They accused the campaign of appealing to the electorate's baser instincts.
Both superpowers shared the same instinct for self-preservation.
Her instinct told her that she was being followed.
Artists have to learn to be guided by their instincts.
Her instincts took over and she dived on the escaping thief. |
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I've trusted my instincts in the past and they've usually been right. |
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Babies know by instinct who their mother is. |
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I acted purely on instinct. |
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He's got an instinct for survival in a tough job.
3.Постройте опорную схему, отражающую состав инстинктов и их проявления.
4.Прочитайте, переведите текст и постройте опорную схему, отображающую содержание текста. Разверните полученную схему в текст.
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Since the time of Darwin, two interpretations of instinct have predominated. The first view emphasizes the urge, energy, drive, impetus, or motivation behind behavior. Thus, one reads about the «maternal instinct», «territorial instinct,» or «sex instinct.» Influential adherents of this view, such as Freud, James, and McDougall were impressed by the fact that, while the behavior used to attain a goal or satisfaction could vary greatly, similar motivations and the discharge of
Сsome kind of internal tension or energy were involved.
The second interpretation restricts the term «instinct» to instinctive behavior.
It emphasizes specific motor patterns, such as prey killing, courtship, and nest building, as well as the stimuli that trigger them. In many animals highly stereotyped behaviors (called species-specific behavior) common to all members of the species often appear in virtually complete form in the absence of any obvious opportunities to learn them. For example, ducklings reared apart from their parents walk, peck, swim, and recognize the maternal call. This more objective use
и of «instinct», unlikeбthe first, could not deal adequately with the variability and
modifiability of behavior seen in many mammals, including monkeys and humans. Today much evidence has accumulated that shows that «instinct» encompasses an enormous range of mechanisms underlying behavior and its development. Although all behavior is to some extent influenced and shaped by innate (genetic)
and environmental factors, «instinct» is more and more used today to connote the natural behavior of animals (from sea slugs to humans) upon which natural selection must have acted.
АVOCABULARY
to be hailed as – приветствоваться в качествеД
...to be condemned as a meaningless hangover from the scientific dark ages – зд.
быть осужденным как пережиток научного мракобесия (Средневековья) unconscious or habitual acts – бессознательные или действия, совершаемые по привычке И influential adherents – влиятельные сторонники (поборники)
to attain a goal or satisfaction... – достигать цели или удовлетворения to emphasize – акцентировать, придавать значение
motor patterns – стереотипы моторного поведения
prey killing, courtship, and nest building – убийство добычи, ухаживание за особями противоположного пола и постройка гнезда
to trigger – запускать, включать
virtually complete form – практически завершенная форма ducklings – утята
to walk – ходить to peck – клевать
recognize the maternal call – узнавать материнский зов mammals – млекопитающие
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