Tick-borne encephalitis

Phonetic exercise: tick-borne [‘tik,b:n], encephalitis [en,sefə‘laitis], viral [‘vaiərəl], inflammation [,inflə’mei∫n], characterized [‘kæktəraizd], occur [ə‘kə:], serum [‘siərəm], asymptomatic [ə,simptə’mætik], chronic [‘krnik], excessive [ik’sesiv], malaise [mə‘leiz, mæ‘leiz], nausea [‘n:siə], abdomen [‘æbdəmen], abdominal [æb’dminl], headache [‘hedeik], discomfort [dis‘kΛfət], polymerase [‘pliməreis], supportive [se‘p:tiv], care [kεə]

Make a report on tick-borne encephalitis according to the plan below:

Definition: a viral infectious disease involving the central nervous system. The disease most often manifests as meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis. Although TBE is most commonly recognized as a neurological disorder, mild fever can also occur. Long-lasting or permanent neuropsychiatric consequences are observed in 10-20% of infected patients.

Etiology: Three virus sub-types: European or Western tick-borne encephalitis virus, Siberian tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Far-Eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus. Mortality: 1% to 2%, with deaths occurring 5 to 7 days after the onset of neurologic signs. Transmission: It is transmitted by the bite of several species of infected ticks, or (rarely) through the non-pasteurized milk of infected cows.

Diagnosis: The TBE virus may be present in a seronegative strain or subtype.

Treatment and prevention: hospitalization and supportive care based on syndrome severity; anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids may be considered under specific circumstances for symptomatic relief; tracheal intubation and respiratory support, etc. Prevention: vaccination.

Tuberculosis

Phonetic exercise: tuberculosis [tju:,bə:kjə’ləusis], infectious [in’fek∫əs], bacteria [bæk’tiəriə], various [‘vεəriəs], strains [streinz], chronic [‘krnik]

Make a report on tuberculosis according to the plan below:

Definition: a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria.

Epidemiology: a third of the world's population are thought to be infected with M. tuberculosis, and new infections occur at a rate of about one per second. In 2010 there were an estimated 13.7 million chronic active cases, 9.3 million new cases, and 1.8 million deaths, mostly in developing countries.

Causes: Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Affected organs: the lungs and other parts of the body.

Transmission: through the air, when people who have the disease cough, sneeze, or spit.

Symptoms, signs, clinical manifestations, clinical features: a chronic cough with blood-tinged sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.

Diagnosis: radiology (commonly chest X-rays), a tuberculin skin test, blood tests, as well as microscopic examination and microbiological culture of bodily fluids.

Treatment: long courses of multiple antibiotics.

Prevention: screening programs and vaccination, usually with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine.

Health proverbs and wise thoughts general health

• A healthy man is a successful man.

• Prevention is better than cure.

• What can’t be cured must be endured.

• Health is above wealth.

• Health is better than wealth.

• Wealth is nothing without health.

• Good health is the sister of beauty.