ulianova_ov_grichin_sv_i_dr_general_english

late). 5. Мы надеялась, что поедем в Лондон. 6. Она сказала, что подруга пригласила ее на дискотеку. 7. Ученый был уверен, что решит (solve) эту проблему. 8. Она ответила, что не любит его. 9. Я понял, кто прислал сообщение. 10. Все ждали, когда вернется управляющий. 11. Я был уверен, что он водит машину. 12. Я понял, что эта работа мне подходит.

53 Change into Indirect speech. Use the verbs:

to say – говорить/сказать, to explain - объяснять, to confess - признаваться, to confirm - утверждать, to exclaim - восклицать, to claim – заявлять, to inform – сообщать, информировать.

A)1. Mother: Beauty is very important for a woman. 2. Helena: Father wants me to be a doctor. 3. Nick: I have paid my loan back. 4. A social worker: You may ask for an extra help. 5. People: English women don’t use cosmetic products. 6. Helena: I like to be a Princess.

B)1. Avery: I seldom leave before six. 2. Mitch: I was told some stories about work habits in the firm. 3. Nathan Locke: I can’t work well after the secretaries arrive. 4. Victor Milligan: In my younger days I worked sixteen hours a day.

54 Change into Indirect speech.

1. “Go home” said the teacher to us. 2. “Do your homework now” said my mother. 3. “Don’t go to bed late” said the doctor to the old man. 4. The manager said to the assistant: “Bring me the register book.” 4. “Explain me how to solve this problem” said Nick to his friend. 5. “Get some extra help from Social Security Office” said a wife to her husband. 6. “Don’t forget me, darling” said a young lady to her boy-friend.

55 Change into Indirect speech.

1. Mother: What mark did you get for the exam? 2. Tom: Ann, where are your new friends? 3. Mother: what is this dog doing here? 4.The professor: How can you explain this phenomenon? 5. Sally: what is your job? 6. John: Where have you got the information about this perfect job? 7. The employee: Are you going to improve you working experience?

56Change into Indirect speech.

Mother: I sent my little boy for two pounds of plums and he

brought a pound and a half!”

Grocer: My scales are all right, madam. Have you weight your little

boy?

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5.we stop cutting down rainforests → fewer plants and animals die

…………………………………………………………………………

6.I have not got a car → I cycle to work

…………………………………………………………………………

7.we not take care of our planet → it is in danger

…………………………………………………………………………

8.he has not got a garden → he not grow vegetables

…………………………………………………………………………

61 Now you have to write sentences with I wish…

E.g.: I don’t know many people (and I’m lonely). – I wish I knew more people.

1.I can’t give up smoking (but I’d like to). –

______________________

2.I haven’t drinking water (and I need it). – ______________________

3.It’s cold (and I hate cold weather). –

___________________________

4.I live in a big industrial city (and I hate it). –

____________________

5.Tina can’t come to the party (she’s your best friend). –

____________

6.I have to work tomorrow (but I’d like to stay in bed). –

____________

7.I don’t know anything about ozone layer depletion (and I need this information for the report). – ________________________________

8.I’m not lying on a beautiful sunny beach (and that’s a pity). –

_____________________________________

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SAILOR: And where did your father and grandfather die? FARMER: Why, in their beds, of course.

SAILOR: In their beds? If I were you, I would never go to beds.

69Translate into English.

1.Если бы я был свободен сейчас! 2. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были каникулы. 3. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встретили, вы бы его не узнали. 4. Если бы он регулярно не посещал тренировки, он не добился бы такого успеха на соревнованиях. 5. Жаль, что она уже ушла. Если бы ты позвонил раньше, она была бы сейчас здесь. 6. Если бы я знал английский, я бы уже давно познакомился с ней. 7. Я уверен, что все были бы рады, если бы ты присоединилась к нам. 8. Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета. 9. Он пожалел, что бросил институт. 10. Суп был бы намного вкуснее, если бы ты его посолил. 11. Обидно, что люди не берегут то место, где живут. 12. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом вчера!

All Tenses compared

70Match these tenses with the sentences below: Present Simple (Passive); Present Continuous (Passive); Future Continuous; Past Simple; Past Continuous; Future Simple (will, going to); Present Perfect; Past Perfect.

1.He is expected to make a report about mankind's destructive influence on the environment.

2.I hadn't explored town centre before.

3.Our group is going to take part in a summer international program.

4.Pollution has already caused a large hole in the ozone layer and increased global warming.

5.Loss of plant species within the rainforests will mean that many lifesaving drugs will never be discovered.

6.The ancient Romans were pioneers of public health but they were very short-sighted about the health of the environment.

7.The rainforests are being cut down rapidly.

8.The volume of both industrial and domestic waste has increased dramatically over the past 50 years.

9.This time next week I'll be discussing traffic pollution.

71Use the correct tense in these sentences:

1.During the past two hundred years, humankind (to invent) powerful technology.

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2.If we (not to take) action to protect the earth's atmosphere, it soon (to become) unable to protect us.

3.Nowadays very many people in Russia (to protest) against water being polluted with industrial waste.

4.The earth probably (to contain) between 10 and 100 million different species.

5.By the end of the 19th century, the British people (to learn) that they should plan the growth of their towns and cities.

6.Man (to grow) crops for 10,000 years.

72 Fill in the gaps with the correct form of will or be going to and the verb in brackets. Explain your choice.

Example:

1A: Why are you buying flour and eggs?

B:Because I 'm going to make (make) a cake. - a planned action

2A: I have decided what to buy Mum for her birthday.

B:Really. What ________________ (you/buy) for her?

3A: Did you ask Jackie to the party?

B:Oh no! I forgot! I___________ (ask) her

tonight.

4A: Could I speak to Jim, please?

B:Wait a minute. I _______ (get) him for you.

5A: What are your plans for the weekend?

B:I______________ (spend) some time with my friends.

6A: What are you doing on Friday night?

B:Oh, I ________________ (probably/stay) at home with my family.

7A: I'm too tired to cut the grass.

B:Don't worry! I __________ (cut) it for you.

73 Complete the sentences with can, may, must, have to, be to, need, should in its correct form; translate the sentences.

1. You ... take this book: I don't need it. 2. She asked me if she ... use my telephone. 3. I'm sorry, I couldn't come yesterday. I … work late. 4. It is raining. You ... to put on your raincoat. 5. If I don't ring up before six o'clock, then you ... to go to the concert hall alone and wait for me at the entrance. Is that clear? 6. … I come and see you some day? 7. … you leave the boy here for half an hour? I want him to help me. 8. You … ride your bicycle at night without lights. 9. It is already six o'clock. We ...

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hurry if we don’t want to be late. 10. … John really do this today? – No, he … not, he … do it tomorrow if he likes.

74 Put in proper articles into gaps:

In … fifteenth century … people knew only three continents: … Europe, … Asia and … Africa. They knew nothing about such … big continent as … America. … man who discovered … America was born in 1451 in … Italy. His name was Christopher Columbus. He became … sailor at … early age. Knowing that … earth was round, he decided to reach … India sailing to … west. He tried to arrange … expedition, but did not have

…money, and nobody wanted to help him. At last … king of … Spain gave

him … money for … expedition. He set … sail in 1492. … voyage was very dangerous and difficult. On … 12th of … October his ship reached … land. When they landed, they saw … strange trees and … flowers. … men and … women with … olive-coloured skins gathered around … sailors and looked at them with … great surprise. Columbus was sure that he had discovered … new way to … India. Some time later … other sailor reached … America.

…name of sailor was Amerigo Vespucci. He understood that it was … new continent.

75 Here is what Lena wrote in her project about ecological problems in her hometown. Her project is convincing. But there are eight mistakes. Correct them.

There is many of factories and plants in the my hometown. They throw a lot of chemicals and dirty into the air. They poison water in our lovely river. Fish can't to live in it. Both clean air and clean water are necessary of our health. Our factories, plants, cars and buses need in good filters. When they will have them?

Besides, I'm very concerned about that new roads destroy the countryside.

I think people should find the right balance between our natural environment, industry and the building of new roads.

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