ulianova_ov_grichin_sv_i_dr_general_english
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1.2 Прочитайте текст WHEN IN BRITAIN …
Объясните и закончите название текста.
WHEN IN BRITAIN …
Visitors to Britain are often surprised by the strange behaviour of its inhabitants. The British like forming queues. They queue up when waiting for a bus, theatre tickets, in shops … A well-known writer George Mikes, a Hungarian, by birth joked: “An Englishman, even when he is alone, forms an orderly queue of one”.
So one of the worst mistakes is to get on a bus without waiting your turn. The British are very sensitive to such behaviour and they may get really annoyed with queue jumpers – people who don’t wait their turn in the queue.
Drivers in cars can become quite aggressive if they think you are jumping the queue in a traffic jam. Newspapers often publish angry articles about people who pay money to bypass a hospital waiting list in order to get an operation more quickly.
The British, especially the English, are more reserved than the people of many other countries. They don’t like to show their emotions. They usually don’t easily get into conversation with strangers. They don’t like personal questions (for example how much money they earn or about their family life). They take more time to make friends. They would like to know you better before they ask you home. So don’t be upset if your English friends don’t invite you home. It doesn’t mean they don’t like you.
If you are invited to a party it is considered polite to call and say if you can or cannot come. Most parties are informal these days, so you don’t have to worry about what to wear - anything from jeans to suits will do.
If you are told to “help yourself” to something, it doesn’t mean that your host is rude – he or she is showing that you are completely accepted and just like “one of the family”.
It is considered rude - or bad manners – to smoke in someone’s house without asking “Do you mind if I smoke?”
If you enjoyed the evening, call the hostess the next day, or write you a short “thank you” letter. Perhaps it seems funny to you, but British people say “thank you” “thank you” “thank you” all the time. They say “thank you” even when they give money to a shop assistant.
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These days most people in Britain do not wear formal clothes. Of course, when they are on duty they have to obey certain rules. You cannot imagine a bank employee without a suit or a tie. But when he is no longer at work, he can put on an old sweater and jeans sometimes with holes in them.
If you go out to enjoy yourself, you can wear almost anything. It is no longer a requirement of theatres that the audience should wear evening dress. People do, however, tend to dress more formally ballet or opera than for the theatre or concerts.
In recent years smoking has received a lot of bad publicity, and fewer people now smoke. There is no more smoking on the London Underground, in cinemas and theatres and most buses. Many companies have banned smoking from their offices and canteens. And non-smokers can be rude to smokers who break the rule and smoke in public places. There are, however, special smokers’ carriages on trains and special cinemas for those who haven’t given up smoking yet.
Pubs are important part of British life. People, especially men, go to pub to relax, meet friends, and sometimes to do business.
At one time, it was unusual for women to go to pubs. These days, however there are only a few pubs where it is surprising for a woman to walk in.
Children under the age of fourteen are still not allowed into some
pubs.
Pub food is cheaper than most restaurant food, and you don’t have to leave a tip. But you do have to go to the bar to get your food and drink. There are no waiters in pubs.
In some countries it is considered bad manners to eat in the street. In Britain it is quite common to see people having a snack while walking down the road, especially at lunchtime.
Good and bad manners make up the social rules of a country and are not always easy to learn because they are often not written down in books. The British have an expression for following these unwritten rules. “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”
Words to remember: |
rude |
грубый, не |
|
behaviour |
поведение |
||
inhabitant |
житель |
воспитанный help yourself |
|
queue |
очередь |
угощайтесь |
|
orderly |
организованный |
host(ess) |
хозяин (ка) |
sensitive |
чувствительный |
to accept |
принимать |
to get annoyed |
раздражаться |
to imagine |
воображать |
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traffic jam |
дорожная “пробка” |
requirement |
требование |
|
reserved |
|
сдержанный |
audience |
зрители |
conversation |
беседа |
to tend |
быть склонным |
|
stranger |
|
незнакомец |
to ban |
запрещать |
upset |
|
расстроенный |
canteen |
буфет |
to mean |
|
означать |
to allow |
позволять |
to consider |
|
считать, рассматривать |
tip |
чаевые |
polite |
вежливый |
to have a snack |
перекусить |
|
waiter |
официант |
|
|
|
to wait one’s turn |
ждать своей очереди |
to jump the queue |
пройти без очереди |
to bypass |
идти обходными путями |
to obey certain rules |
подчиняться определенным правилам |
bad publicity |
общественное осуждение |
to break the rule |
нарушать правила |
1.3Найдите английские эквиваленты в тексте.
Образовать очередь, странное поведение жителей, самая грубая ошибка, ждать очереди, пройти без очереди, вступать в разговор с незнакомцем, задавать личные вопросы, заводить друзей, член семьи, благодарственное письмо, быть на службе, в последнее время, подчиняться правилам, нарушать правила, бросить курить, оставлять чаевые, перекусить, запретить курение, пойти куда-нибудь развлечься.
1.4 Скажите верны или не верны следующие утверждения. (True or False)
1.The British hate forming queues.
2.In Britain it is quite common to get on a bus without waiting your
turn.
3.The English are not very emotional and talkative people.
4.The British don’t often invite their new friends home.
5.British people prefer to wear formal clothes.
6.In Britain smoking is accepted almost everywhere.
7.Pubs in Britain are expensive and few people can go there.
8.The British can get annoyed when they see people having a snack in the street.
9.It is rude to smoke in someone’s house without asking “Do you mind if I smoke”.
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10.It is considered bad manners to ask personal questions in Great Britain.
11.It is not usual for women and children in Britain to go to pubs.
12.It is polite to leave a tip in pubs.
13.It is common in Britain to say “thank you” all the time.
1.5Ответьте на вопросы
1.What strange feature of English people is mentioned in the text?
2.Where and when do English people form queues?
3.How do the English differ from the people of many other countries?
4.What clothes do English people wear when they are not on duty?
5.Is smoking popular in Great Britain?
6.Where is smoking banned?
7.Why are pubs popular in Great Britain?
8.Are women and children allowed to the pubs?
9.Is it considered rude to have a snack in the street?
10.What are social rules?
11.Is it easy to learn social rules of a country? Why?
12.What is the meaning of the title of the text?
1.6 Представьте, что вы в Великобритании, что бы вы сделали в следующих ситуациях.
1. What would you wear going to the theatre?
2. What would you do if you were invited to a party? 3. Would you smoke in metro?
4. Would you leave a tip in a pub?
5. What would you say giving money to a shop assistant?
1.7 Запомните и научитесь использовать следующие речевые образцы.
1)One of the worst mistakes is to get on a bus without waiting your turn. Одна из самых грубых ошибок – войти в автобус,
не дождавшись своей очереди.
It is considered rude to smoke in someone’s house without asking “Do you mind if I smoke?” Считается невежливым закурить в чьем-либо доме, не спросив: «Не возражаете, если я закурю?»
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|
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without doing smth |
|
|
Постройте предложения по образцу. |
||||
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|
|
||
to leave the room |
|
to look at |
||
to travel around the world |
|
to ask permission |
||
to enter the class |
|
to say good buy |
||
to go to work |
|
to think |
||
to pass by |
|
to have breakfast |
||
to say something |
|
to know foreign languages |
||
2)… you don’t have to leave a tip. But you do have to go to the bar to get your food and drink.
Вам не нужно оставлять чаевые. Но вам придется подходить к стойке бара, чтобы получить еду и выпивку.
… you don’t have to worry about what to wear.
Вам не нужно беспокоиться о том, что надеть.
to have to do smth
Say what you have and what you don’t have to do when you are in Britain.
To wait you turn in queues; to wear formal clothes; to write “a thank you letter” to the hostess the next day after a party; to invite your new friends home; to leave a tip in pubs; to give up smoking; to obey social rules.
3)In some countries it is considered bad manners to eat in the street.
В некоторых странах считается дурным тоном перекусывать на улице.
It is considered rude polite
bad manners
Say what is considered rude (bad manners) and what is considered polite (good manners) in your country.
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To smoke in cafes; to have a snack in the street; to talk to strangers in the street; to jump the queue; to wear jeans in the theatre; to be late for a party; to leave a tip in a restaurant; to take off hats indoors; to shake hands every time you meet a person; to use a person’s first name the first time you meet him or her.
1.8 Дайте несколько советов вашему другу, который 
собирается посетить Великобританию.
Для этого вам потребуются модальные глаголы should, have to, must, may.
Нужно |
Можно |
Не нужно |
Нельзя |
|
|
|
|
You should |
You may |
You don’t have |
You shouldn’t |
You must |
You are allowed |
to |
You mustn’t |
You have to |
to |
You needn’t |
|
1.9Прочитайте определение и угадайте слово.
1.Good or bad manners, actions toward others.
2.Line of people waiting for their turn.
3.Machines crowded together so that movement is difficult.
4.A house whose main business is to sell alcoholic drinks.
5.A man who fetches and carries food in restaurants.
6.Gathering of people for the purpose of hearing or watching.
7.A woman who entertains guests.
8.A talk.
9.A law or custom which controls behaviour.
10.Having or showing good manners and correct social behaviour.
1.10 Вам предстоит прочитать текст о британских
суевериях.
Перед чтением обсудите с партнером:
Are you superstitious?
Are these things lucky, unlucky, or neither in your country?
•a ladder propped against a wall
•spilt salt
•umbrella opened in a house
•the last piece of the bread
•scissors that you’ve dropped
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•broken mirror
•Friday the 13th
•black cat
BRITISH SUPERSTITIONS
•It’s extremely unlucky to walk under a ladder propped against a wall or building. But if you must pass under a ladder, you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed until you see a dog. Another remedy is to spit at your shoe and leave the spittle to dry.
•It’s unlucky to spill salt. If you do you must take a pinch and throw it over your left shoulder.
•It’s very bad luck to open an umbrella in a house – it will either bring misfortune to the person who has opened it or to those who live in the house.
•It’s unlucky to meet or pass someone on the stairs. If it’s unavoidable, cross your fingers.
•It’s unlucky to take the last piece of the bread on the plate.
•It’s bad luck to pick up scissors that you’ve dropped.
•It’s extremely unlucky to break a mirror. It means 7 days of bad luck.
•The number thirteen is very unlucky and Friday the 13th is a very unlucky date.
•Burning cheeks or ears mean someone is talking about you. It’s a friend if your left cheek is burning. It’s an enemy if your right cheek is burning.
•A black cat crossing your path can bring you good luck.
•A horseshoe over the door of a new house brings good luck. But it must be the right way up. The luck runs out of the horseshoe if it’s upside down.
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•It’s lucky to touch the wood. If you feel you’ve said something that is tempting fate, touch some item of wood with the right hand.
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Слова для запоминания: |
|
|
superstition |
суеверие |
pinch |
щепотка |
ladder propped against a wall |
misfortune |
беда, несчастье |
|
лестница, приставленная к стене |
unavoidable |
неизбежный |
|
avoid |
избегать |
scissors |
ножницы |
remedy |
средство |
enemy |
враг |
to spit |
плевать |
upside down |
вверх ногами |
spittle |
слюна, плевок |
to tempt fate |
искушать судьбу |
to spill |
рассыпать |
|
|
1.11 Сравните русские и британские суеверия и 
скажите как вы к ним относитесь.
Вам предлагается послушать интервью LIVING IN 
DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. Перед прослушиванием:
1.12 Прочитайте вслух интернациональные слова и переведите их на русский язык.
Atmosphere, mixture, architecture, skyscrapers, nationality, culture, cosmopolitan, actor, theatre, gallery, museum, reputation, stereotype, positive, cynical.
1.13 Прочитайте вслух и запомните следующие слова
to deliver |
доставлять |
expensive |
дорогой |
|
to say a prayer |
молиться |
to compare сравнивать |
||
to give direction |
направлять |
reserved |
сдержанный |
|
to hate |
ненавидеть |
to complain жаловаться |
||
crowd |
толпа |
|
to grumble |
ворчать |
1.14 |
Вспомните |
степени |
сравнения |
следующих |
прилагательных.
Fast, quick, cosmopolitan, easy, rude, bad, safe, late, short, quiet, good, positive, cynical, important, long.
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Model: quick – quicker – the quickest
important – more important – the most important good – better – the best
1.15С помощью прилагательных из предыдущего упражнения сравните следующее.
•living in a large city and living in a small town;
•traveling by train and traveling by plain;
•studying at school and studying at university.
1.16Составьте список английских слов и выражений, с помощью которых можно оценивать предметы и явления (хорошо / плохо).
Example: It’s great. |
It’s terrible. |
It’s ……… |
It’s ……… |
1.17 Используйте наречия very, much, so, pretty, a lot для того, чтобы усилить значение прилагательных в следующих предложениях.
1.I love the architecture it’s ….. different from London.
2.Life here seems ….. faster than in London.
3.New York and London are both …… mixed.
4.It’s difficult to make friends outside the work. People are ….. busy.
5.I find people …. friendly.
6.We walk a lot as well. It’s ……. safer now than it was ten years
ago.
1.18 Определите, какие слова из списка характерны для американского варианта английского языка, а какие для британского. Найдите пары синонимов.
Leisure time, shop, vocation time, free time, store, underground, holiday, subway.
1.19 Скажите, |
где |
находятся |
следующие |
достопримечательности: |
|
|
|
а) in New York |
|
b) in London |
|
Statue of Liberty, Waterloo Bridge, Rockefeller Center, Broadway, Houses of Parliament, London Eye, the Tower, Manhattan.
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1.20Расскажите, что вы знаете о Нью-Йорке и Лондоне. Что бы вы хотели увидеть, если бы посетили эти города.
1.21Прослушайте интервью LIVING IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
Найдите правильные варианты ответов на следующие вопросы.
1.How long have they been to New York / London?
a) three years |
b) thirteen years |
c) fifteen years |
c) three months |
2.What do they like most?
3.What do they dislike?
a) the food |
b) the mixture of nationalities and cultures |
c) taxi drivers |
d) the holidays (vocation time) |
e) the shops (the stores) |
f) the Underground (the subway) |
g) the architecture |
h) theatres, art galleries, museums |
4.People in New York / London ………….
a) work long hours. |
b) complain about life. |
|
c) are friendly |
. |
d) are always in a hurry. |
e) make friends easily . |
f) are reserved. |
|
5.The food in New York / London ……………..
a) used to be terrible but now it’s great. b) is delivered to your door.
c) is very expensive.
6.In New York / London they enjoy ……………
a) traveling in taxi. b) going shopping.
c) walking the streets and watching skyscrapers. d) standing on bridge and looking down the river.
7.What has changed recently in New York / London? a) It’s getting cleaner.
b) The shops stay open much longer. c) the food became better.
8.How long are they going to stay in New York / London?
a) forever |
b) a few years |
c) three years |
d) five years |
1.22 Прослушайте запись еще раз и проверьте свои ответы.
1.23 Обсудите с партнером.
Which city would you prefer to stay in, how long, and why?
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