ulianova_ov_grichin_sv_i_dr_general_english

LABOUR IN BRITAIN

Businesses in Britain are often owned by people, not by the government. This is called free enterprise. Most Britons respect the idea of competition in business and many of them believe that the freeenterprise system encourages equal opportunities.

The British government provides welfare through subsidies, grants and services for the population. This is called social wage; it amounts to 1316 pounds per year for each adult of the working population. Some years ago Governmental arrangements were made in order to shorten unemployment. A nationwide organization helping people to find jobs was set up. It is the Manpower Services Commission. The Commission runs two agencies: the Employment Services Agency and The Training Services Agency. The first offers a suitable job to an unemployed person, the second trains him/her in new skills if necessary.

Robert Smith is 46 years old. He and his wife have to work in order to afford the house and a college education for their two children. Robert has worked at a factory for 30 years. One day he had been replaced by technology. What can he do to find a new job?

He can go to a job center, an employment office or to a private agency. Robert can also read advertisements in special journals and find information in any possible way.

At the Local Job Center Robert is registered as an unemployed and then he is given an unemployment benefit which is sent to him by mail every week. If his benefit is not enough to live on, Robert can get some extra help from the Social Security Office. One day the Job Center informs Robert about a possible vacancy. First he has to go for an interview with his prospective employer. If terms are acceptable for the both the labour contract is signed.

Working people are protected by Britain Trade Unions that concern for work conditions and correct wages. Employers have the Chamber of Commerce that protects their business interests.

There are about 9 million full-time industrial workers in the United Kingdom, but their amount declines steadily. More and more Britons decide to work for themselves as businessmen, independent craftsmen and farmers.

Слова для запоминания

Free enterprise – свободное предпринимательство; competition

– конкуренция; to encourage – поддерживать, поощрять, способствовать; equal opportunities – равные возможности; welfare

152

- благосостояние; subsidy - субсидия; grant - дотация; service – служба, обслуживание; social wage – прожиточный минимум; adult -

взрослый; arrangement - мероприятие; Manpower Services Commission - комиссия по работе с трудящимися; to run -

управлять ; Employment Service Agency – агентство по трудоустройству ; Training Services Agency – агентство по переподготовке; suitable - подходящий; to afford – быть в состоянии, позволять себе; Local Job Center – местный центр по трудоустройству; unemployment benefit – пособие по безработице;

Social Security Office – отдел социальной защиты; prospective -

возможный; employer – работодатель; terms – условия; labour – труд, трудовой; acceptable – приемлемый, подходящий; Britain Trade Unions – Британские профсоюзы; to concern – заботиться, беспокоиться; to decline - снижаться; steadily - постоянно ; craftsman – ремесленник, мастеровой, рабочий со специальностью.

2.3Скажите, верны ли следующие предложения. (True or false)

1 Since World War II British Government has not made any arrangements to support unemployed people.

2 There are a lot of ways of getting information about prospective jobs.

3 An unemployment benefit is sent to a person once a month. 4 A labour contract is to be signed only by an employee.

5 An unemployment benefit is sent to an unemployed once a month. 6 Before getting a job a person has to go for an interview with his prospective employer.

7 The Manpower Services Commission was set up to support peoples’ right to work.

8 An unemployed person can get extra money from the Employment Services Agency.

2.4Переведите на английский язык.

1. Ты зарегистрирован в Центре занятости? 2. Условия приемлемые, я готов подписать контракт. 3. Завтра я встречусь с моим возможным работодателем. 4. Обратись (appeal to) в агентство по трудоустройству. 5. Мне нужны новые навыки для этой работы. 6. Где ты получил (get) информацию о вакансии? – Прочитал объявление в газете.

to apply for – обращаться, подавать заявление (на работу) application form – заявление о приеме

CV form – краткая биография (прилагается к заявлению)

153

2.5 Прочитайте и прослушайте диалог AT THE JOB CENTER. Скажите, в чем ошибка устраивающегося на

работу.

AT THE JOB CENTER

•Can I help you, sir?

•Yes. I’m unemployed and I’m looking for a job.

•What kind of job?

•Well, may be a carpenter, because it’s not very dangerous.

•OK. Have you got any experience as a carpenter?

•No, not really.

•What do you like doing?

•I like driving most.

•What about working a bus-driver? It’s interesting and not very stressful.

•That’s fine, but I don’t want to work at night.

•Oh, that’s a problem, then. Hmmm, I have a vacancy for a waiter at a Chinese restaurant.

•Perfect! I like Chinese food. Is it well-paid?

•£ 5 per hour.

•That’s not enough!

•You don’t want to work at night, you have no experience and you want to earn a lot of money. Maybe you want to be an actor?!

•An actor? I’d love to! Have you got any particular role in mind? No soap-operas, though!

•Oh, goodness me!!!

a carpenter – плотник ; per hour – за час; I’d love to – мне бы очень хотелось; particular – особенный, особый, soap-opera – мыльная опера,сериал.

2.6 Перескажите диалог в косвенной речи. Для этого вам нужно помнить правило СОГЛАСОВАНИЯ ВРЕМЕН.

При переводе прямой речи в косвенную, если сказуемое главного предложения стоит в прошедшем времени (He said), то время придаточного предложения меняется следующим образом:

154

2.8Познакомьтесь с этапами устройства на работу в Европе и Америке.

•writing a letter of application

•writing CV (Resume)

•attending an interview

2.9Внимательно изучите рекомендации и образец письма для устройства на работу.

Arrangement of the parts within letters:

•salutation

•opening

•message

•closing

•writer’s name

•writer’s signature (unless sent by email)

•writer’s title

The example of phrases:

Salutation. Dear Sir/ Dear Mr Smith/ Dear Colleague/ Dear John.

Opening. Thank you for your letter/ It was pleasure to/ It was a pity that/ I’m sorry that.

Message. I though you might be interested in/ I was wondering if you could help/ I’m afraid I have a small problem/ I’d like to inform you about.

Closing. I look forward to/ Please give my regards to/ With best wishes/ Please pass on my best wishes to.

155

156

2.10Составьте аналогичное письмо для устройства на работу.

2.11Изучите рекомендации и образец резюме.

1Your CV should be: Word processed, laser printed on good quality paper, no longer than two pages of A4 paper

2You should include:

1.Personal details. (The employer wants to know who you are and how to contact you (essential information only)

2.Education.

3.Work experience. Don’t just describe your job – stress what you achieved and learnt.

4.Position of responsibility. If you do not have much experience, this section will show employers your potential.

5.Skills. Be positive about your ability – never undersell your experience.

6.Interests. Stress any significant achievments related to your

interests.

7.Referees.

Current students and recent graduates should choose an academic referee and a personal one. Get your referees’ permission first and tell them what are you applying for and what you would like them to stress in a referense.

2.12 Прочитайте резюме, данное ниже и найдите эквиваленты.

157

A GIRL’S CV

1. Personal Details

Name: Melanie Henderson

Date of birth: 3.11.1980

Address: 99 Newlands Park, London, UK

2. Education:

2004 – present, University of London, Degree in French and Film Studies

Special subjects: British Cinema, The Narrative Technique 19992004, Royal Latin School, Alesbury

4 A Levels: French(B), German(C), English (B), Film stidies (A). 7 GCSEs: French (A), German (A), English (A), Histiry (B), Art (A), Maths (B), Economics (B)

3. Work experience:

2006- Information officer, Futuroscope, France. Responsible for dealing with enquiries in a busy office, responding to 2000 enquiries a week. This demonstrated my ability to retain a professional approach and a sense of humour while working under pressure.

2004 - Customer Service Assistant. Provided support for customer enquiries. Dealing with customers’ complaints demonstrated my ability to remain calm under pressure. Explaining complex issues helped me to develop my communication skills.

4. Skills:

Good working knowledge of Microfoft Word and Excel Spreadsheets. Working knowledge of French and Italian. Current clean driving license.

5. Interests:

Travel- I have traveled extensively and independently in Europe Music – I play the guitar in a semi-professional band.

6. Referees:

Hamish Roberts (Tutor at University of London) 17 Woodland Avenue, Oxford. Richard Mayle (Customer Services Manager|DAT) 31 Baker Street, London.

158

2.13 Составьте свое резюме.

2.14 Вам предстоит прослушать запись собеседования Нэнси при устройстве на работу. Перед прослушиванием

Прочитайте объявление о вакантной должности, которую хочет занять Нэнси и ответьте на вопросы.

•Is it a highly-qualified job?

•What degree is required?

•What interpersonal skills are required?

•Is knowledge of foreign languages required?

•Who is the interviewer?

•Where is the organization situated?

Business Journalist

This international business magazine, with 1,000,000 readers worldwide, is seeking a Journalist, based in Geneva, to cover business news in Europe.

Requirements:

a master's degree in journalism

at least two years' experience in business journalism

fluent in French and German. If possible, some knowledge in

anish

excellent communication skills international travel experience is a plus

Please send CV and letter of application to:

David Benton, Worldwatch Europe IPA - Merritts Avenue, Overland Park, Reading RG2 6HD

2.15 Прослушайте собеседование с Нэнси и соотнесите события из жизни Нэнси (1-7) с временем их совершения (a-g).

159

2.16 Заполните пропуски в предложениях вспомогательными глаголами do, did, have. Затем воспроизведите ответы Нэнси.

1Who …. you work for now, Nancy?

2And how long …..you worked for them?

3And how long ….you been in charge of Eastern Europe publications?

4And what …you do before you were at Intertec?

5As you know, this Job is based in Geneva. …..you ever lived abroad before?

6And when …..you live abroad?

7That's interesting. …. you travelled a lot?

8Oh yes? And why ….. you go to Japan?

2.17 Обсудите с партнером.

• Does Nancy fit for this job? Why? / Why not?

2.18 Ролевая игра « JOB INTERVIEW».

Вам предлагается провести собеседование при устройстве на работу. Внимательно изучите все рекомендации и познакомьтесь с примерным образцом

собеседования.

1 The first impression you make on the interviewer can decide the rest of the interview. It is important that you introduce yourself, shake hands, and be friendly and polite. The first question is often a "breaking the ice" type of question. Respond is in a short, friendly manner without going into too much detail.

A Определите более удачный вариант ответов.

160