ulianova_ov_grichin_sv_i_dr_general_english

2.13 Переведите подчеркнутые предложения на русский язык. Для этого вам нужно помнить, как строятся УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ в английском языке.

Реальное условие

IF… + present simple +…shall/will+ bare infinitive

Маловероятное условие (относится к будущему)

IF… + past simple +…would/should/could/ might +bare infinitive

Нереальное условие (относится к прошлому)

IF… + past perfect +…would/should/could/ might +perfect infinitive

2.14 Скажите, что произойдет если:

What will happen if:

the earth gets warmer

the seas get warmer

the ice at the North and South Poles melts

the sea level rises

there are floods in many parts of the world

many people loose their homes

2.15 Ответьте на вопросы.

1.Why can Ann hardly breathe when she’s riding her bike?

2.What does acid rain kill?

3.What would happen if public transport were better?

4.What will happen if hunters continue to kill endangered species?

5.What happens when trees disappear?

6.What do trees produce? Why is it important to us?

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2.16 Заполните пропуски словами из списка, составьте предложения с готовыми фразами.

2.17 Вставьте вместо пропусков нужные по смыслу слова.

created, breathe, improve, destroys, causes, hunt

1.Having more buses would ……………….. public transport in cities.

2.Heavy traffic ………………. A lot of air pollution.

3.If we …………. more parks in our cities, they would be nicer places to live in.

4.It’s so polluted I can’t ……………. properly.

5.Many people ……………..endangered species for their fur.

6.Acid rain ……………… plants.

2.18 Скажите, что бы вы сделали для улучшения

экологии земли, если бы вы были руководителем вашей страны.

Model:

If I were the leader of my country I would ……………………….

2.19Объясните, как вы понимаете следующие цитаты.

Можете ли вы с ними согласиться? Почему?

“The only thing we have to fear on this planet is man”

Carl Jung

“If you poison the environment, the environment will poison you”

Tony Follari

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Unit 3

Water

3.1 Вам предстоит прочитать текст WATER, WATER

EVERYWHERE… Предварительно прочтите новые слова и их определения, переведите, если необходимо.

shortage – an absence of something you need or want; solution – a way out, an answer to a problem; to waste – to use more of something than is necessary / use it in a way that does not produce the best results; lawn – an area of grass that is cut short, especially in someone’s garden; to recycle – to use something again , often for a different purpose; to pour – to make a liquid (e.g. water) flow out of a container that you are holding;to leak – if an object leaks, liquid or gas comes out of it through a hole or crack.

3.2Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопросы.

1.What is the problem discussed in the text?

2.Which paragraphs include the writer’s suggestions?

3.What are these suggestions? Make a list of suggestions.

4.What can people do to save water?

WATER, WATER EVERYWHERE…

1. Imagine а world with no drinking water, and no water to wash or cook with. It’s hard to imagine this, because we use water every day without even thinking about it. Yet there are terrible water shortages all over the world. In parts of Africa or China, for example, many people don’t even have clean water to drink. In fact, over half of the people in the world have to live with water shortages every day. We all need water – not just for our homes and factories, but to survive. Fortunately there are things that we can all do to save water.

2.The solution begins at home. We can save the water from our baths and use it for the garden, instead of wasting hundreds of liters of clean water on our lawns and plants. This would help to save many liters of water everyday, especially in the summer.

3.Governments can help by passing laws to stop factories from wasting and polluting water. If factories recycled water and stopped pouring chemicals into our lakes and rivers, there would be a lot more clean water around.

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4.Government could also stop water companies from wasting millions of liters of water because of leaking pipes. Many cities have successfully saved water by repairing pipes.

5.All in all, there are many things we can do to save our planet’s disappearing water supplies. The time has come to start understanding the value of water, before a world without clean water becomes a terrible reality.

3.3Выберите правильный вариант для предложений 1-4.

3.4a) Соотнесите фразовые глаголы и идиомы с их значениями.

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b) Заполните пропуски подходящими фразовыми глаголами и идиомами из таблицы.

1.Did you _______ with your studies?

2.Has he _______ what to do next?

3.Ann ______ wasting water on her plants in the garden.

4.He decided ______ a job with Greenpeace.

5.They ______ a meeting yet, so you can ask them to organize it in two days.

6.Don’t you want to ______ photographing rare plants?

7.I can _____ you ___ for the night.

8.If you don’t know about the greenhouse effect, _____ in the next text.

3.5 Прочтите текст, выпишите из него все незнакомые слова, найдите их перевод и транскрипцию в словаре.

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

The greenhouse effect is very important; if it didn't exist at all, the temperature of our planet would be 40 degrees lower and the oceans would freeze. But an increase in the greenhouse effect may equally lead to global warming with disastrous consequences.

The higher average temperatures produced by global warming could cause dramatic changes in weather patterns. Less rain might fall over large land masses; Central Africa, South Asia and some parts of the United States could risk severe drought and famine. More rain might fall in coastal areas and over the oceans, and there might be more storms and hurricanes in the Pacific. A rise in the earth's average temperature of only one or two degrees would probably melt the polar ice caps and raise sea levels. Sea levels throughout the world are already rising by about two millimetres a year. If the polar ice caps do melt, sea levels could rise by more than a meter over a few decades.

3.6 Опираясь на текст, выберите из данных утверждений два неверных.

1The greenhouse effect only leads to disastrous consequences.

2Without the greenhouse effect the climate on the earth would be much colder.

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3Because of global warming there is now an increased risk of drought and famine in parts of Africa and Asia.

4If there is a rise in temperature of one or two degrees, the sea level will rise by about two millimeter a year.

3.7 Обсудите в группе.

•The greenhouse effect: use or danger?

•Do you think mankind can stop using all the things which cause the greenhouse effect?

•Which cardinal changes in nature may occur in the future?

3.6. Прочтите статью IT’S CLEAN-UP TIME! и ответьте на вопросы.

1.What is the problem at Cregness?

2.What suggestions does the writer make?

3.What results / examples does the writer use to support these suggestions?

IT’S CLEAN-UP TIME!

1Over the last twenty years, the beach at Cregness has become one of the least attractive beaches in the country. What was once a beautiful sandy beach has now turned into a dirty seashore covered in litter, oil and factory waste. Fortunately, it is not too late to clean up this mess.

2The government could help by passing laws to stop the factories from dumping their waste in the sea. This would help to make it a safe place where people could swim without the threat of illness.

3The government could also make the companies responsible for oil spills pay money to help clean up the beach. If they did this, the beach at Cregness would look much better than it does today.

4The people of Cregness can help too, by starting a volunteer project to clear up all the litter that people have dropped on the beach. Similar projects have been extremely successful in many other parts of the country.

5All in all, if the suggestions in this article became reality, the beach at Cregness would, once more, be something to be proud of.

___________________________________

* oil spill – разлив нефти (на поверхности воды)

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3.7 Перечитайте статью и определите смысловую функцию каждого обзаца.

Asuggestion 1 & result/example

Bstate the problem

Csuggestion 2 & result/example

Dsummarise writer’s opinion

Esuggestion 3 & result/example

3.8a) Соотнесите предложения и их возможные результаты.

b)Составьте свои предложения, используя информацию из таблицы и условные предложения 2 типа.

c)Используйте данные начало и конец, а также информацию из таблицы, чтобы написать статью под названием «Спасите наши леса». Используйте статью 3.5. в качестве образца.

Not so long ago, most of the dry land on our planet was covered with forests. Today, most of these forests, as well as many of the plants and animals which used to live in them, have disappeared. What is more, they will continue to do so unless we start taking drastic measures to save them now, while we still have time.

… Such measures would not only help our forests to survive, but also the rare plants and animals which are only just surviving there today. The time has come to stop the destruction and begin the healing.

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Unit 4

People and animals

4.1Ответьте на вопросы.

–Do you like animals? How should people treat them?

–Do you think it’s possible to kill animals for medicine purposes?

–What punishment should be administered to poachers (браконьер)?

4.2Прочитайте об отношении Джека к использованию

животных длямедицинских исследований.

DIFFICULT PROBLEMS

Many people are against cruelty to animals in sport, such as bullfighting and fox-hunting. Some people think that it is also cruel to use animals for scientific research. I don't think so. My mum works in a medical laboratory. They create new medicines and then test them on animals. Mum says it's necessary. Some animal research leads directly to the development of important new medicines that save hundreds of lives. To kill animals for sport or to sacrifice them for life-saving research in medicine is not the same thing.

4.3Скажите, согласны ливысо следующими утверждениями.

1 Many people are against cruelty to animals in sport.

2Some people think that it is not cruel to use animals for scientific research.

3Jack's mum works in a hospital.

4She cures animals.

5She creates new medicines and then tests them on animals.

6Jack agrees with his mum, that it's necessary to use animals for scientific research.

4.4 Пронумеруйте абзацы (A-F) в правильном порядке.

AGAINST FUR

A

But for Americans, fur is still a part of the life. The fur trade is one of the oldest businesses in North America. Europeans started buying furs from the Indians over 350 years ago. Today it is a $2 billion industry.

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B

For some people, fur is a symbol of luxury, wealth and success. For others, it’s a cruel and stupid business.

In many European countries, there have been long campaigns against the fur trade. Often these have been very successful – in Britain fur sales have fallen by 75%.

C

The second way is getting fur from farmers. Farmers keep animals in special fur farms and then kill them when they want their fur.

D

The industry gets fur in two ways. The first way is getting fur from trappers who set traps to catch and kill wild animals.

E

Now some Americans want to stop the fur trade. Their strongest argument is that there are many natural alternatives to fur. It is easy to produce wool and cotton without cruelty to animals or damage to the environment. But still there are others who strongly support the idea of increasing fur farms and animal hunting. What do you think?

F

Last year in North America, people killed nearly 13 million animals because of their fur.

*fur – мех; trapper – охотник, ставящий капканы

4.5Выскажите свою точку зрения по одной из следующих тем

•Is it possible not to kill animals at all: neither for food nor for fur?

•Can people of Siberia do without fur in winter?

•Is it better to test new medicine on people or on animals?

4.6Напишите сочинение на тему «Вклад, который я могу внести в охрану окружающей среды»; вам поможет информация из предыдущих текстов.

4.7Ответьте на вопросы теста и выясните, насколько вы бережно относитесь к окружающей среде.

HOW GREEN ARE YOU?

1.If you had a lot of old newspapers and empty bottles, would you… a leave them on the pavement?

b put them in a rubbish bin? c recycle them?

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2. If somebody offered to give you one of the following as a gift, which would you choose?

aa big, fast car

ba motorbike

ca bicycle

3.If you were in the middle of the city and wanted to go somewhere one or two kilometers away, would you…

atake a taxi?

btake a bus?

cwalk / cycle?

4.If you had a picnic on the beach, what would you do with your rubbish? Would you…

aleave your rubbish on the beach?

bput your rubbish in the first bin you found?

ctake your rubbish home?

5.If you had $ 1,000 to spend, would you…

abuy a fur coat?

bgo on a safari?

cadopt a dolphin?

Key:

Mostly a’s : You are not very green, are you? Please look after our world before it’s too late!

Mostly b’s: You’re trying to be more green, but you don’t always get it right. Learn more about the environment and think before you act.

Mostly c’s: Well done! You’re really green! We need more people like you to help us save our environment!

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