Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
пособие на издание англ.docx
Скачиваний:
6
Добавлен:
01.07.2025
Размер:
561 Кб
Скачать
☆

Science and technology

Today we often say that we live in an age of science and technology. In recent years, scientific and technological developments have drastically changed live on our planet as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the Universe as whole.

Today, science and technology are closely related. Many modern technologies such as nuclear power and space flights depend on science and the application of scientific knowledge and principles. Each advance in pure science creates new opportunities for the development of new ways of making things to be used in daily life.

Technology refers to the ways in which people use discoveries to satisfy needs and desires, to alter the environment, to improve their lives. Throughout human history, men and women have invented tools, machines, materials and techniques, to make their lives easier.

When we speak of technology today, generally, we mean industrial technology, or the technology that began about 200 years ago with the development of power-driven machines, growth of the factory system, and mass production of goods that has created the basis for our modern society.

The scientific revolution that began in the 16th century was the first time that science and technology began to work together. Thus, Galileo, who made revolutionary discoveries in astronomy and physics, also built an improved telescope and patented a system of lifting water. However, it wasn`t until the 19th century, that technology truly was based on science and inventors began to build on the work of scientists. For example Thomas Edison built on the early experiments of Faraday and Henry in his invention of the first practical system of electrical lighting. So too, Edison carried on his investigation until he found the carbon filament for the electric bulb in a research laboratory.

Задание 7. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

What does the term «industrial technology» mean?

What role has scientific and technological development played in man`s life?

What was the first true technological research?

Задание 8. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Современная техника зависит от достижений в области чистой науки.

2. На всем протяжении истории человечества люди изобретали инструменты, машины, материалы, технологии и тем самым изменяли окружающую их среду.

Вариант 3.

Задание 1.

Подберите к следующим вопросам ответы:

1. Do you love her or does your friend? 1. No, they didn't.

2. Did their friends come here last time?  2. Our friends' children did. 

3. Whose children came? 3. My friend does.

4. Is your house being built?  4. No, it isn't.

Образуйте разделительные вопросы (вопросы с хвостиком) по образцу: You can't speak Spanish. – You can't speak Spanish, can you?

5. We shall soon see the Black Sea.

6. He has seen this film on TV.

Cоставьте вопрос, на который это предложение может быть ответом.

7. Yes, we have come a long way since breakfast.

Поставьте глагол Past Perfect, Past Simple или Past Continuous и переведите предложения.

8. She (to thank) me for what I (to do) for him.

9. The telegram (to arrive) five minutes after you (to leave) the house.

10. Suddenly I (to remember) that I (to leave) my exercise book at home.

Заполнить пропуски, поставив глагол в скобках в нужную форму (в будущее совершенное время).

11. Grace … (leave) by the end of the week.

12. Girls … (discuss) this with their mother by tonight.

Задание 2.

Вставьте соответствующие предлоги:

1. ____ the plate there were some apples and oranges.

2. There were some cigarettes ____ the box.

3. London is the capital _____ Great Britain.

4. I wrote __________him asking to send me a box __________ chocolates.

Задание 3.

Поставьте глагол в Present Simple или Present Continuous

1. She (not to do) her homework she (to watch) TV now.

2. Where is Nick? He (play) football in the yard.

3. That French girl (speak) English very well.

4. Sorry, I am very busy. I (to have) a lesson.

Исправьте ошибки.

5. The river flow very fast today – much faster than usual.

Составьте вопросительное предложение Past Simple из данных слов:

Вставьте слова will / to be going to.

6. – What shall we have for dinner today? – We … have chicken and chips.

Измените предложения, употребляя to be going to по образцу: My intention is to watch a TV film tonight. I am going to watch a TV film tonight.

7. I'm afraid I shall be late.

Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Continuous.

9. Mary (to open) the window now.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание Participle I.

10. We watched them repairing the car.

Раскройте скобки, употребив Participle I. Переведите предложение.

11. (to bark) dog doesn’t bite. 

Выберите правильный вариант

12. Next Friday, the President (______) ten years in power.

Celebrates

will celebrate

will be celebrating

Задание 4.

Употребите следующие предложения в Past Progressive, уточняя действие наречиями. Образец: I went to the cinema yesterday. – I was going to the cinema yesterday at 3.

1.We listened to music yesterday.

Поставьте вопросы, на которые нижеследующие предложения могут быть ответами. Образец: No, I was not playing chess at 6. – Were you playing chess at 6?

2. No, he was not writing a letter from 2 till 3 yesterday.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous.

3. What Nick (to do) yesterday?

4. What you (to do) when I rang you up?

Употребите Present Perfect.

5. When ... they ... (see) her last?

6. He … (to give) me the dictionary.

Допишите предложения при помощи слов: already, just, since, for, ever, yet.

7. My grand parents have lived with us … June.

8. Has your sister … been to Paris?

В каждом из следующих предложений допущена ошибка. Исправьте ее и напишите правильный вариант.

9. We know each other for many year. He is my best friend.

10. He go to the library every week

11. Now my children is playing tennis.

12. We are listening to the concert yesterday at 4 p.m.

Задание 5.

Поставьте предложение в соответствующее будущее время

1. My grandmother (be) a pensioner for ten years by next spring.

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

2. I have to get up early on week-days.

3. She has to come.

Составьте предложения, используя модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.              

4. Visitors are not allowed to feed the animals. 

Must   Visitors ____________ the animals.

Вставьте needn’t /  have to / mustn’t / didn’t need to / have to или needn’t have.

5) He _____ give me a lift, because I had arranged to go by taxi.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол (may, can, must, could).

6) You _____ smoke if you like.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот could, was / were able to or couldn’t. 

7. I looked very carefully and I _______ see a figure in the distance.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот  mustn’t or don’t / doesn’t have to.

8. You _______ forget what I told you. It’s very important!

Задание 6. Переведите письменно текст.

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]