Farm tractors

There are many types of farm tractors. The first farm tractor replaced the horse, simply as a vehicle to pull implements. Developments in tractor design, which have taken place since then, have enabled the tractor not only to pull an implement, but also to operate an implement attached to the three-point linkage. The modern tractor can also supply power to operate a machine through PTO, by hydraulic means, or by belt. The most popular tуре of tractor is the general- purpose tractor.

It is designed to perform a wide range of tasks. Details of design differ in make and size, but most have :

an engine capable of producing between 30 and 700 h.p.;

a transmission system;

four rubber tired wheels;

a drawbar;

a three-point linkage for mounted implements;

a hydraulic system;

PTO shaft driving implements;

a front axle and engine chassis;

a low center of gravity to give stability and reduce the risk of overturning.

The most significant development of recent years has been the steady evolution of tractors, which are specially designed for use with “tractor-mounted”, or “unit-principle” implements mounted directly on the tractor itself, raised, and lowered by means of a power lift. The row-crop tractor, which was specially designed for work between the rows of growing crops, is gradually becoming merged with the unit-principle tractor into an all-purpose machine, which retains the essential row-crop features.

Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:

a vehicle, to pull, an implement, to operate, engine chassis, essential row-crop features, growing crops, h.p. (horsepower), a transmission system, a drawbar, a front axle, to reduce, a center of gravity, an all-purpose machine, three-point linkage, PTO (Power Take-Off) shaft.

Составьте предложения:

1. The first was, to pull, tractor, a vehicle, implements.

2. Can, the modern, also, tractor, to operate, supply, power, through PTO, a machine. The most, tractor, popular, is, the general-purpose tractor, type, of.

3. Was designed, the row-crop tractor, between, for work, the rows, crops,

growing, of.

Переведите выделенные слова:

1. Developments in tractor design enabled the tractor (управлять) the attached implement. The implements are supplied with (энергией) through PTO shaft, by hydraulic means, or by belts.

2. Details of (конструкции) differ in make and size.

3. Most tractors have (вал отбора мощности) for driving implements.

Вариант 5.

Задание 1.

Подберите к следующим вопросам ответы:

1. Can you or can your friend play tennis? 1. Those new books (are). 

2. Do you like the King or the Queen? 2. My friend can.

3. Has the post come yet?  3. I like the Queen

4. Which books are interesting? 4. No, it has not.

Образуйте вопросы по образцу: You can't speak Spanish. – You cannot speak Spanish, can you?

5. London is on the River Thames.

6. They have not had English today. 

Составьте вопрос, на который это предложение может быть ответом.

7. No, I have not seen this book.

Поставьте глагол Past Perfect, Past Simple или Past Continuous и переведите предложения.

8. When they (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

9. She (to thank) me for what I (to do) for her.

10. The telegram (to arrive) 20 minutes after he (to leave) the house.

Заполнить пропуски, поставив глагол в скобках в нужную форму (в будущее совершенное время).

11. The boy … (finish) his essay by three o’clock in the morning.

12. Pete … (manage) the team for seven years by next month.

Задание 2.

Вставьте соответствующие предлоги:

1. Here’s a birthday present ________you.

2. You can buy tea and sugar ____ the shop.

3. I explained ___ the teacher that by the end ___ the lesson, I had not finished the trans­lation ___ the text and that is why I had not handed it ___him.

4. She was cured _____ a very skillful doctor.

Переведите на русский язык предложения с фразовыми глаголами

5. I never get into an argument with my boss.

6. He dreams about getting into a good university.

7. Now, let us get out of here.

8. The film will probably go on for another hour.

Поставьте в предложения подходящие фразовые глаголы с предлогом up в необходимой грамматической форме: wake – pick – bring — eat — give – look – set — get — tidy – break

9. Boys, stop chatting and … up your breakfast.

10. Little Alice was … up by a nanny.

11. He always … up the new words in the dictionary.

12. He is going to … up a joint venture.

Задание 3.

Поставьте глагол в Present Simple или Present Continuous.

1. My brother (to play) the drums in parade now.

2. Ulster (to attract) many people every year, it (to have) its own symbol and flag.

3. People (to choose) different ways of travelling in England.

4. He usually (come) home at 3 p.m.

Исправьте ошибки.

5. George say he’s 80 years old but I not believing him.

Составьте вопросительное предложение Past Simple из данных слов:

6. do / what / Sunday / you / last / did?

Вставьте слова will / to be going to.

7. – I have lost my dog.  – Don’t worry. I … help you to find it.

Измените предложения, употребляя to be going to по образцу: My intention is to watch a TV film tonight. I am going to watch a TV film tonight.

8. Our intention is to learn French.

Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Continuous.

9. Mandy … still … in the garden (to work).

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание Participle I.

10.He watched them going down the mountain.

Раскройте скобки, употребив Participle I. Переведите предложение.

11. (To drink) coffee she was talking to her friend.  Выберите правильный вариант

12. Elaine (______) every day until the end of the month.

Performs

will be performing

will perform

Задание 4.

Употребите следующие предложения в Past Progressive, уточняя действие наречиями. Образец: I went to the cinema yesterday. – I was going to the cinema yesterday at 3.

1. They had dinner in the kitchen.

Поставьте вопросы, на которые нижеследующие предложения могут быть ответами. Образец: No, I was not playing chess at 6. – Were you playing chess at 6?

2. Yes, we were working from 16 till 19 yesterday.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous.

3. What Nick (to do) when you came to his place?

4. What he (to do) yesterday?

Употребите Present Perfect.

5. They ... (to be) in London the whole day long yesterday.

6. He…(to see) a very interesting film yesterday morning.

Допишите предложения при помощи слов: already, just, since, for, ever, yet.

7. She hasn’t bought him a present … .

8. They have not been at school … a week.

В каждом из следующих предложений допущена ошибка. Исправьте ее и напишите правильный вариант.

11. Elaine speak German badly.

12. When have you bought the book?

9. I have brother.

10. We just wrote a letter.

Задание 5.

Поставьте предложение в соответствующее будущее время

1. What … you (do) when I (call) on you at 5 tomorrow?

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

2. Sally is to come to the meeting.

3. Oleg has to finish school in a year.

Составьте предложения, используя модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.              

4. Exam candidates are obliged to follow the instructions.

 Have to Exam candidate’s _____________ the instructions.

Вставьте needn’t / have to / mustn’t / didn’t need to / have to или needn’t have.

5) Elaine _____ cook dinner as she had arranged to go to an Italian restaurant with Lisa.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол (may, can, must, could).

6) _____ I borrow your camera?

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот could, was / were able to or couldn’t. 

7. The girl fell into the river but fortunately we _______ rescue him.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот  mustn’t or don’t / doesn’t have to.

8. We _______ leave yet. We have a plenty of time

Переведите предложения на английский язык

9. Ты можешь решить эту проблему. 10. Тебе следует навестить своего больного друга. Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот

11. Where are my gloves? — I … put them on because it is cold today.

a) can’t

b) have to

c) needn’t

12. Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I … go now.

a) can

b) has to

c) must

Задание 6.

Переведите письменно текст, выполните задания к тексту