Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
пособие на издание англ.docx
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
01.07.2025
Размер:
561.13 Кб
Скачать

Ergonomics

Ergonomics is known as human engineering or human factors engineering, is the science of designing machines, products, and systems to maximize the safety, comfort, and efficiency of people who use them. Ergonomics draw on the principles of industrial engineering, psychology, anthropometry (the science of human measurement), and biomechanics (the study of muscular activity) to adapt the design of products and workplaces to people`s sizes and shapes and their physical strengths and limitations.

Ergonomists view people and objects they use as one unit. Humans are not as strong as machines, and they can`t calculate as quickly and accurately as computers. Unlike machines, humans need to sleep, and they are subject to illness, accidents, or making mistakes when working without adequate rest. Nevertheless, machines are also limited – cars cannot repair themselves, computers do not speak or hear as well as people do, and machines cannot adapt to unexpected situations as well as humans.

One of the primary goals of ergonomics is prevention of workplace illness and accidents. Ergonomists also determine and design safe workplace environmental conditions, such as correct temperature, lighting, noise, and ventilation to ensure that workers perform under optimal conditions. Ergonomists also seek to increase worker efficiency and productivity when designing workplaces. They place those pieces of equipment used most frequently in closest proximity to the worker and arrange systems in ways that are convenient and easy to use.

Подберите соответствия:

Ergonomics, equipment, accurately, science of designing, anthropometry, biomechanics, tо repair, safe workplace, to increase efficiency and productivity environmental conditions, to ensure the optimal conditions. Эргономика, наука проектирования, безопасное рабочее место, антропометрия, биомеханика, оборудование, точно, осуществлять ремонт, повысить эффективность и производительность, обеспечить оптимальные условия (работы), биомеханика, условия окружающей среды.

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

  1. Ergonomists_____ the best possible design for products and systems. (imagines, develop, create)

  2. Well-designed workspaces ensure that workers perform their jobs in optimal______. (conveniences, atmosphere, comfort)

  3. One of the ______ goals of ergonomics is prevention of work place illness and accidents. (important, primary, main)

Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:

наука проектирования

окружающая среда

совершать ошибки

рабочее место

повышать производительность и эффективность

оборудование

.

Вариант 4.

Задание 1.

Подберите к следующим вопросам ответы:

1. Must he or must his brother help me? 1. These books (are). 

2. Do you feel well? 2. Yes, I do.

3. Will that house be built next month?  3. His brother must.

4. What books are interesting? 4. No, it won't.

Образуйте вопросы по образцу: You can't speak Spanish. – You cannot speak Spanish, can you?

5. Sally is playing the piano very well.

6. My parents were listening to the concert on TV at 7 p.m.

Составьте вопрос, на который это предложение может быть ответом.

7. No, I have not been to Paris.

Поставьте глагол Past Perfect, Past Simple или Past Continuous и переведите предложения.

8. By six o’clock yesterday you (to do) your homework and at six you (to watch) a video film.

9. By 4 o’clock the girl (to come) home and at two she (to have) dinner.

10. My parents (to come) home by six o’clock.

Заполнить пропуски, поставив глагол в скобках в нужную форму (в будущее совершенное время).

11. The police … (arrest) the thief by the next morning.

12. If they can do it then, they … (fulfill) their mission.

Задание 2.

Вставьте соответствующие предлоги:

1. There was a big pot ____ water ____ the top ____ the stove.

2. Elaine spoke English ____ a French accent.

3. The teacher was pleased _______ our work.

4. Put these flowers _______the windowsill.

Переведите на русский язык предложения с фразовыми глаголами

5. We look forward to hearing from you.

6. I will look up this word in the dictionary.

7. I am sorry but they have to break up.

8. Jane will look after your dog while you are on business.

Поставьте в предложения подходящие фразовые глаголы с предлогом on в необходимой грамматической форме: carrytryholdcounttakecomeswitchbeput

9. You can … on these trousers in the fitting-room.

10. Don’t … on the TV during a heavy storm.

11. If you keep silence I will … on reading the fairy-tale.

12. I have to … on my scarf, I have got a sore throat.

Задание 3.

Поставьте глагол в Present Simple или Present Continuous

1. Daniel is in Britain now and he (to write) a letter about his holidays.

2. Sam’s future (to depend) on his parents.

3. Now tourists (to take) part in a band festival.

4. We ... three English lessons a week.

Исправьте ошибки.

5. You can borrow my umbrella. I not needs it at the moment.

Составьте вопросительное предложение Past Simple из данных слов:

6. did / train / last / you / by / when / travel?

Вставьте слова will / to be going to.

7. – This room is very hot.  – You are right. I … open the window.

Измените предложения, употребляя to be going to по образцуMy intention is to watch a TV film tonight. I am going to watch a TV film tonight.

8. I decided to move to the country.

Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Continuous.

9. My parents (to work) now.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание Participle I.

10. I heard him shouting something from the opposite shore.

Раскройте скобки, употребив Participle I. Переведите предложение.

11. She entered the room (to smile).  Выберите правильный вариант

12. I wonder if that terrible wind (______) tomorrow.” – “Oh, yes. The weather forecast says it (______) for another two weeks.

will blow, will blow

will be blowing, will be blowing

will blow, blows

Задание 4.

Употребите следующие предложения в Past Progressive, уточняя действие наречиями. ОбразецI went to the cinema yesterday. – I was going to the cinema yesterday at three.

1. They watched a good film.

Поставьте вопросы, на которые нижеследующие предложения могут быть ответами. Образец: No, I was not playing chess at 6. – Were you playing chess at 6?

2. Yes, we were passing the British Museum yesterday at 5 p.m.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous.

3. His brother (to play) computer games from 2 till 3 yesterday.

4. We (to play) computer games all day long yesterday.

Употребите Present Perfect.

5. They ... (to know) each other since 2013.

6. Elaine … ( not to read) a lot of Russian books yet.

Допишите предложения при помощи слов: already, just, since, for, ever, yet.

7. They have … finished their breakfast.

8. Our children have not been at school … a week.

В каждом из следующих предложений допущена ошибка. Исправьте ее и напишите правильный вариант.

9. Now we is playing tennis.

10. They are listening to the concert yesterday at four p. m.

11. We know each other for many year. He is my best friend.

12. He go to the library every week.

Задание 5.

Поставьте предложение в соответствующее будущее время

1. We hope she (tell) him the news by the time we (come).

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

2. I think he'll be able to come to party tomorrow.

3. I need ‘to walk, there is a bus going there.

Составьте предложения, используя модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

4. You didn’t thank your grandmother for the lovely gift.

Ought to   You ____________ your grandmother for the lovely gift.

Вставьте needn’t /  have to / mustn’t / didn’t need to / have to или needn’t have.

5) The notice says that club members _____ use the pool unattended.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол (may, can, must, could).

6) You _____ drive for a year in Britain with an international license.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот couldwas / were able to or couldntt. 

7. My grandmother loved music. She _______ play the piano very well.

Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот mustn’t or dont / doesnt have to.

8. You _______ forget what I told you. It is very important!

Переведите предложения на английский язык

9. Я бы хотел пойти с тобой.

10. Ты можешь делать все, что хочешь. Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол или модальный оборот

11. I’m sorry, you didn’t invite me to your birthday party. You … invite me next time.

a) must

b) should

c) need to

12. Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I … go now.

a) can

b) has to

c) must

Задание 6.

Переведите письменно текст, выполните задания к тексту

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]