PS-2020a / part17
.pdf
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DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information |
Page 841 |
|
Node |
Code Meaning of Concept Name |
Code or Example Value |
Comment |
1.7 |
Radiation Dose Estimate |
|
TID 10031 |
1.7.1 |
Radiation Dose Estimate Name |
Dual-source Neck DE_CAROTID CTTID 10031 |
|
|
|
scan Tube A&B |
|
1.7.2 |
Comment |
Tube A and B combined |
TID 10031 |
1.7.3 |
Radiation Dose Estimation Methodology |
TID 10033 |
|
1.7.3.1 |
SR Instance Used |
|
TID 10033 |
1.10.3.1 |
SR Instance Used |
|
Radiation Dose SR |
1.10.3.1.1 |
SOP Class UID |
1.2.840.1008.5.1.4.1.1.88.67 |
|
1.10.3.1.2 |
SOP Instance UID |
1.2.3.4.566.77.1 |
|
1.7.3.1.1 |
Event UID Used |
1.3.12.2.xxxxxx |
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.2 |
Patient Radiation Dose Model |
|
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.2.1 |
Patient Model Type |
(128404, DCM, "Anthropomorphic |
TID 10033 |
|
|
Model") |
|
1.7.3.2.2 |
Radiation Transport Model Type |
(128421,DCM,"GeometricRadiationTID 10033 |
|
|
|
Transport Model") |
|
1.7.3.2.3 |
Patient Radiation Dose Model Data |
< UID of "Patient Radiation Dose |
TID 10033 |
|
|
Model Data"> |
|
1.7.3.2.3 |
Patient Radiation Dose Model Data |
|
Parametric map |
1.7.3.2.3.1 |
SOP Class UID |
1.2.840.1008.5.1.4.1.1.30 |
|
1.7.3.2.3.2 |
SOP Instance UID |
1.2.5.4.6.677 |
|
1.7.3.2.4 |
Patient Radiation Dose Model ReferenceCristy et al. 1987 |
TID 10033 |
|
1.7.3.2.5 |
Patient Model Demographics |
|
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.2.5.1 |
Model Minimum Age |
18 (a, UCUM, "year") |
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.2.5.2 |
Model Maximum Age |
18 (a, UCUM, "year") |
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.2.5.3 |
Model Patient Sex |
(M, DCM, "Male") |
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.2.5.4 |
Model Minimum Weight |
75 (kg, UCUM, "kilogram") |
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.2.5.5 |
Model Maximum Weight |
75 (kg, UCUM, "kilogram") |
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.2.5.6 |
Model Minimum Height |
165 (cm, UCUM, "Centimeter") |
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.2.5.7 |
Model Maximum Height |
165 (cm, UCUM, "Centimeter") |
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.2.6 |
Patient Model Registration |
|
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.2.6.1 |
Registration Method |
(125024, DCM, "Image |
TID 10033 |
|
|
Content-based Alignment") |
|
1.7.3.2.6.2 |
Spatial Registration |
<UID of "Spatial Registration"> |
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.2.6.2.1 |
SOP Class UID |
1.2.840. 1008.5.1.4.1.1.66.1 |
|
1.7.3.2.6.2.2 |
SOP Instance UID |
1.4.9.87.11.223.5 |
|
1.7.3.3 |
X-Ray Beam Attenuator |
|
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.3.1 |
Attenuator Category |
(113771, DCM, "X-Ray Filters") |
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.3.2 |
Equivalent Attenuator Material |
(12503006, SCT, "Aluminum") |
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.3.3 |
Equivalent Attenuator Thickness |
1.4 (mm, UCUM, "Millimeter") |
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.3.4 |
Attenuator Description |
MeanequivalentAluminumthicknessTID 10033 |
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|
of bowtie filter |
|
1.7.3.3.5 |
X-Ray Beam Attenuator Model |
|
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.3.5.1 |
Radiation Transport Model Type |
(128421,DCM,"GeometricRadiationTID 10033 |
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|
Transport Model") |
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DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information |
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|
Node |
Code Meaning of Concept Name |
Code or Example Value |
Comment |
1.7.3.4 |
Radiation Dose Estimate Method |
|
TID 10033 |
1.7.3.4.1 |
Radiation Dose Estimate Method Type (D009010, MSH, "Monte Carlo") |
TID 10033 |
|
1.7.3.4.2 |
Radiation Dose Estimate Parameters |
|
TID 10034 |
1.7.3.4.2.1 |
(111634, DCM, "Half Value Layer") |
8.5 (mm, UCUM, "Millimeter") |
TID 10034 |
1.7.3.4.3 |
Radiation Dose Estimate Method |
Simulation package XX version YYTID 10033 |
|
|
Reference |
|
|
1.7.4 |
Radiation Dose Estimate Representation |
TID 10032 |
|
1.7.4.1 |
Distribution Representation |
(128496, DCM, "Dose Point Cloud")TID 10032 |
|
1.7.4.2 |
Radiation Dose Representation Data |
|
TID 10032 |
1.7.3.2.3.1 |
SOP Class UID |
1.2.840.1008.5.1.4.1.1.30 |
Parametric Map |
1.7.3.2.3.2 |
SOP Instance UID |
1.87.2.3.4.11.3 |
|
1.7.4.3 |
Organ |
(38266002, SCT, "Entire Body") |
TID 10032 |
1.7.5 |
Organ Radiation Dose Information |
|
TID 10031 |
1.7.5.1 |
Organ |
(39607008, SCT, "Lung") |
TID 10031 |
1.7.5.1.1 |
(DCM,128533,"MeanAbsorbedRadiation9.6 (mGy, UCUM, "mGy") |
TID 10031 |
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Dose") |
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DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information |
Page 843 |
HHHH Protocol Approval Examples and Concepts (Informative)
The following example is provided to illustrate the usage of the Protocol Approval IOD.
This example shows approval of a pair of CT Protocols for routine adult head studies. It is approved by the Chief of Radiology and by the Physicist. The Instance UIDs of the two CT Protocols are 1.2.3.456.7.7 and 1.2.3.456.7.8.
Note that the Institution Code Sequence (0008,0082) inside the Asserter Identification Sequence (0044,0103) communicates that Mercy Hospital is the organization to which Dr. Welby is responsible. The Institution Code Sequence (0008,0082) at the end of the first Approval Item communicates that Mercy Hospital is the institution for which the protocols are "Approved for use at the institution".
Table HHHH-1. Approval by Chief Radiologist
Attribute |
Tag |
Value |
Manufacturer |
(0008,0070) |
Acme Corp. |
Manufacturer's Model Name |
(0008,1090) |
Primo Protocol Management Workstation Plus |
Device Serial Number |
(0018,1000) |
A59848573 |
Software Versions |
(0018,1020) |
V2.3 |
SOP Class UID |
(0008,0016) |
1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.200.3 (Protocol Approval) |
SOP Instance UID |
(0008,0018) |
1.33.9.876.1.1.1 |
Approval Subject Sequence |
(0044,0109) |
|
Item #1 |
|
|
>Referenced SOP Class UID |
(0008,1150) |
1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.200.1 (CT Defined |
|
|
Procedure Protocol) |
>Referenced SOP Instance UID |
(0008,1155) |
1.2.3.456.7.7 |
Item #2 |
|
|
>Referenced SOP Class UID |
(0008,1150) |
1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.200.1 (CT Defined |
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|
Procedure Protocol) |
>Referenced SOP Instance UID |
(0008,1155) |
1.2.3.456.7.8 |
Approval Sequence |
(0044,0100) |
|
Item #1 |
|
|
>Assertion Code Sequence |
(0044,0101) |
(128603,DCM,"Approvedforuseattheinstitution") |
>Assertion UID |
(0044,0102) |
1.2.33.9.876.5.5.5.5.21 |
>Asserter Identification Sequence |
(0044,0103) |
|
>>Observer Type |
(0040,A084) |
PSN |
>>Person Name |
(0040,A123) |
"Welby^Marcus^^Dr.^MD" |
>>Person Identification Code Sequence |
(0040,1101) |
(12345, 99NPI, "Welby^Marcus^^Dr.^MD") |
>>Organizational Role Code Sequence |
(0044,010A) |
(128670, DCM, "Head of Radiology") |
>>Institution Name |
(0008,0080) |
Mercy Hospital, Centerville |
>>Institution Code Sequence |
(0008,0082) |
(000011113, 99NPI, "Mercy Hospital, Centerville") |
>Assertion DateTime |
(0044,0104) |
20150601145327 |
>Assertion Expiration DateTime |
(0044,0105) |
20200601000000(basedona5yearlyreviewplan) |
>Institution Code Sequence |
(0008,0082) |
(000011113, 99NPI, "Mercy Hospital, Centerville") |
Item #2 |
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DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information |
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Attribute |
|
Tag |
Value |
>Assertion Code Sequence |
|
(0044,0101) |
(128605, DCM, "Approved for use on pregnant |
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|
patients") |
>Assertion UID |
|
(0044,0102) |
1.2.33.9.876.5.5.5.5.22 |
>Asserter Identification Sequence |
|
(0044,0103) |
|
>>Observer Type |
|
(0040,A084) |
PSN |
>>Person Name |
|
(0040,A123) |
"Welby^Marcus^^Dr.^MD" |
>>Person Identification Code Sequence |
(0040,1101) |
(12345, 99NPI, "Welby^Marcus^^Dr.^MD") |
|
>>Organizational Role Code Sequence |
(0044,010A) |
(128670, DCM, "Head of Radiology") |
|
>>Institution Name |
|
(0008,0080) |
Mercy Hospital, Centerville |
>>Institution Code Sequence |
|
(0008,0082) |
(000011113, 99NPI, "Mercy Hospital, Centerville") |
>Assertion DateTime |
|
(0044,0104) |
20150601145327 |
>Assertion Expiration DateTime |
|
(0044,0105) |
20200601000000(basedona5yearlyreviewplan) |
>Assertion Comments |
|
(0044,0106) |
"Limited scan range and proper use of abdominal |
|
|
|
shielding result in negligible dose to the fetus." |
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DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information |
Page 845 |
IIII Encapsulated STL (Informative)
The goal of encapsulating a Stereolithography (STL) 3D manufacturing model file inside a DICOM instance rather than transforming the data into a different representation is to facilitate preservation of the STL file in the exact form that it is used with extant manufac- turing devices, while at the same time unambiguously associating it with the patient for whose care the model was created and the images from which the model was derived.
IIII.1 Example of CT Derived Encapsulated STL
In this example, the patient requires a replacement implant for a large piece of skull on the left side of his head. A 3D manufacturing model (encoded in binary STL) was created by mirroring the corresponding section of the patient's right skull hemisphere, and then modified by trimming to fit the specific implantation area.
The model was derived from a series of CT images (CT-01). The STL data in this example is the first version, having no predecessor. The STL data was created on November 22, 2017 at 7:10:14 AM and then stored in a DICOM instance at 7:15:23 AM. The CT images were acquired weeks earlier.
The STL data was created in the coordinate system of CT-01; so they share the same Frame of Reference UID value.
A preview image (optional) showing the rendered 3D object was created and included with the encapsulated STL as an icon image.
No burned in annotation identifying the patient was included. The region of the skull reconstructed in the model contains no distin- guishing facial features of the patient.
Table IIII.1-1. CT Derived Encapsulated STL Example
Attribute Name |
Tag |
Example Value |
Comments |
<Patient and General Study Modules not shown for brevity> |
|
|
|
Modality |
(0008,0060) |
M3D |
|
Series Instance UID |
(0020,000E) |
2.999.89235.5951.35894.0047 |
|
Series Number |
(0020,0011) |
3 |
|
Series Description |
(0008,103E) |
Skull plate |
|
Instance Number |
(0020,0013) |
1 |
|
Frame of Reference UID |
(0020,0052) |
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.99 |
|
Manufacturer |
(0008,0070) |
Acme Additive Inc |
|
Manufacturer's Model Name |
(0008,1090) |
Implant Maker |
|
Device Serial Number |
(0018,1000) |
00004367 |
|
Software Versions |
(0018,1020) |
3.0.1 |
|
Content Date |
(0008,0023) |
20171122 |
|
Content Time |
(0008,0033) |
071014 |
|
Acquisition DateTime |
(0008,002A) |
20171122071014 |
|
Image Laterality |
(0020,0062) |
L |
|
Burned In Annotation |
(0028,0301) |
NO |
|
Recognizable Visual Features |
(0028,0302) |
NO |
|
Source Instance Sequence |
(0042,0013) |
|
A sequence referencing the |
|
|
|
CT-01 source images |
%item |
|
|
|
>Referenced SOP Class UID |
(0008,1150) |
1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.2.1 |
Referenced object is an |
|
|
|
Enhanced CT Image Storage |
|
|
|
Instance |
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DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information |
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|
Attribute Name |
Tag |
Example Value |
Comments |
>Referenced SOP Instance UID |
(0008,1155) |
2.999.89235.5951.35894.155 The multi-frame CT instance |
|
|
|
|
from study CT-01 |
>Purpose of Reference Code |
(0040,A170) |
(121324,DCM,"Sourceimage")CID 7060 “Encapsulated |
|
Sequence |
|
|
DocumentSourcePurposesof |
|
|
|
Reference” |
%enditem |
|
|
|
Document Title |
(0042,0010) |
CT 3D CAM model |
|
Concept Name Code Sequence |
(0040,A043) |
(85040-4, LN, "CT 3D CAM |
CID 7061 “Model Document |
|
|
model") |
Titles” |
MIMETypeofEncapsulatedDocument(0040,0012) |
model/stl |
|
|
Encapsulated Document |
(0042,0011) |
<Byte stream representing theNote that ASCII STL files are |
|
|
|
binary STL file> |
not supported. |
Content Description |
(0070,0081) |
Mirroredandtrimmedskullplate |
|
|
|
model from CT |
|
Measurement Units Code Sequence(0040,08EA) |
(mm, UCUM, "mm") |
|
|
Model Modification |
(0068,7001) |
YES |
|
Model Mirroring |
(0068,7002) |
YES |
Inthisexample,mirroring(from |
|
|
|
the right side) was performed |
|
|
|
to create the object. |
Model Usage Code Sequence |
(0068,7003) |
(129016, DCM, "Implant |
CID 7064 “Model Usage” |
|
|
Fabrication") |
In this example, the goal is to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
implant the object in the |
|
|
|
patient. |
Icon Image Sequence |
(0088,0200) |
|
Sequence containing the |
|
|
|
pre-rendered preview image |
%item |
|
|
|
<Content of Table C.7-11b "Image Pixel Macro Attributes" not shown> |
|
||
%enditem |
|
|
|
SOP Class UID |
(0008,0016) |
1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.104.3 |
|
SOP Instance UID |
(0008,0018) |
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.88.901 |
|
Instance Creation Date |
(0008,0012) |
20171122 |
|
Instance Creation Time |
(0008,0013) |
071523 |
|
IIII.2 Example of Fused CT/MR Derived Encapsulated STL
In this example, the patient will shortly be undergoing a complex cardiac surgery. A 3D manufacturing model (encoded in binary STL) was created to manufacture a surgical planning aid representing the patient's unique anatomy.
To begin, a series of CT images (CT-02) and a series of MR images (MR-01) were registered using CT-02's frame of reference as the base coordinate system and then fused. An initial version of the model was derived and reviewed by the surgical team who re- quested that some of the anatomy surrounding the heart be removed. A second version of the model was created on July 16, 2017 at 1:04:34 PM then stored in a DICOM instance at 1:33:01 PM. The CT and MR data were acquired at earlier dates.
The Encapsulated STL file shown in this example is the second version..
Both versions of the STL were created in the coordinate system of CT-02; so they all share the same Frame of Reference value.
Note: Mapping to other Frames of Reference of secondary source series would be handled via registration objects.
A preview image (optional) showing the rendered 3D object was created and included with the encapsulated STL as an icon image.
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Page 847 |
Thecreatorofthemodelinscribedthepatient'smedicalrecordnumberonasideofthemodeltoavoidthepossibilityofawrongpatient error.
Table IIII.2-1. Fused CT/MR Derived Encapsulated STL Example
Attribute Name |
Tag |
Example Value |
Comments |
<Patient and General Study Modules not shown for brevity> |
|
|
|
Modality |
(0008,0060) |
M3D |
|
Series Instance UID |
(0020,000E) |
2.999.89235.5951.35894.0086 |
|
Series Number |
(0020,0011) |
6 |
|
Series Description |
(0008,103E) |
3DP Models |
|
Instance Number |
(0020,0013) |
2 |
|
Frame of Reference UID |
(0020,0052) |
1.2.3.4.5.6.777.0.1 |
|
Manufacturer |
(0008,0070) |
Acme Additive Inc |
|
Manufacturer's Model Name |
(0008,1090) |
Cardioplan |
|
Device Serial Number |
(0018,1000) |
10065789 |
|
Software Versions |
(0018,1020) |
6.3 |
|
Content Date |
(0008,0023) |
20170716 |
|
Content Time |
(0008,0033) |
130034 |
|
Acquisition DateTime |
(0008,002A) |
20170716130034 |
|
Image Laterality |
(0020,0062) |
U |
|
Burned In Annotation |
(0028,0301) |
YES |
|
Recognizable Visual Features |
(0028,0302) |
NO |
|
Source Instance Sequence |
(0042,0013) |
|
A sequence referencing CT-02 |
|
|
|
and MR-01 source images |
|
|
|
because both were used. |
%item |
|
|
|
>Referenced SOP Class UID |
(0008,1150) |
1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.2.1 |
Referenced object is an |
|
|
|
Enhanced CT Image Storage |
|
|
|
Instance |
>Referenced SOP Instance UID |
(0008,1155) |
2.999.89235.5951.35894.153 |
The multi-frame CT instance |
|
|
|
from study CT-02 |
>Purpose of Reference Code |
(0040,A170) |
(121324, DCM, "Source image")CID 7060 “Encapsulated |
|
Sequence |
|
|
Document Source Purposes of |
|
|
|
Reference” |
%enditem |
|
|
|
%item |
|
|
|
>Referenced SOP Class UID |
(0008,1150) |
1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.4.1 |
Referenced object is an |
|
|
|
Enhanced MR Image Storage |
|
|
|
Instance |
>Referenced SOP Instance UID |
(0008,1155) |
2.999.89235.5951.35894.154 |
The multi-frame MR instance |
|
|
|
from study MR-01 |
>Purpose of Reference Code |
(0040,A170) |
(121324, DCM, "Source image")CID 7060 “Encapsulated |
|
Sequence |
|
|
Document Source Purposes of |
|
|
|
Reference” |
%enditem |
|
|
|
Document Title |
(0042,0010) |
Mixed Modality 3D CAM model |
|
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DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information |
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|
Attribute Name |
Tag |
Example Value |
Comments |
Concept Name Code Sequence |
(0040,A043) |
(129019, DCM, "Mixed ModalityCID 7061 “Model Document |
|
|
|
3D CAM model") |
Titles” |
Predecessor Documents Sequence (0040,A360) |
|
A reference to the earlier |
|
|
|
|
encapsulated STL |
%item |
|
|
|
>Study Instance UID |
(0020,000D) |
2.999.1241.1515.15151.515.62 |
|
>Reference Series Sequence |
(0008,1115) |
|
|
%item |
|
|
|
>>Series Instance UID |
(0020,000E) |
2.999.89235.5951.35894.151 |
|
>>Referenced SOP Sequence |
(0008,1199) |
|
|
%item |
|
|
|
>>>Referenced SOP Class UID |
(0008,1150) |
1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.104.3xEncapsulated STL SOP Class |
|
>>>Referenced SOP Instance UID |
(0008,1155) |
2.999.1241.1515.15151.515.68 |
|
%enditem |
|
|
|
>>Purpose of Reference Code |
(0040,A170) |
(129010, DCM, "Edited Model")CID 7062 “Purpose of |
|
Sequence |
|
|
Reference to Predecessor 3D |
|
|
|
Model” |
%enditem |
|
|
|
%enditem |
|
|
|
MIMETypeofEncapsulatedDocument(0040,0012) |
model/stl |
|
|
Encapsulated Document |
(0042,0011) |
<Byte stream representing the Note that ASCII STL files are |
|
|
|
binary STL file> |
not supported. |
Content Description |
(0070,0081) |
Pre-surgery cardiac model from |
|
|
|
CT and MR |
|
Measurement Units Code Sequence(0040,08EA) |
(mm, UCUM, "mm") |
|
|
Model Modification |
(0068,7001) |
NO |
|
Model Mirroring |
(0068,7002) |
NO |
|
Model Usage Code Sequence |
(0068,7003) |
(129013,DCM,"PlanningIntent")CID 7064 “Model Usage” |
|
|
|
|
In this example, the goal is to |
|
|
|
help plan the surgery, so the |
|
|
|
value is "Planning Intent". |
Icon Image Sequence |
(0088,0200) |
|
Sequence containing the |
|
|
|
pre-rendered preview image |
%item |
|
|
|
<Content of Table C.7-11b "Image Pixel Macro Attributes" not shown> |
|
||
%enditem |
|
|
|
SOP Class UID |
(0008,0016) |
1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.104.3 |
|
SOP Instance UID |
(0008,0018) |
2.999.1241.1515.15151.515.987 |
|
Instance Creation Date |
(0008,0012) |
20170716 |
|
Instance Creation Time |
(0008,0013) |
133301 |
|
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DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information |
Page 849 |
JJJJ Multi-energy CT Imaging (Informative)
JJJJ.1 Domain of Application
Multi-energy CT acquires pixel information which correlates to different X-Ray spectra to enable differentiation, quantification and classification of different types of tissues.
To detect the different X-Ray spectra, Multi-energy (ME) CT imaging uses combinations of different Source(s) and Detector(s) tech- nologies such as current switching X-Ray tubes, spectral detectors, multi-layer detectors, multi-source and detector pairs.
JJJJ.2 Use Cases
Multi-energy CT data can be reconstructed and processed in different ways to serve a variety of purposes.
•Differentiate materials that look similar on conventional CT images, e.g., to differentiate Iodine and Calcium in vascular structures or to differentiate vascular structures from adjacent bone.
•Quantifybasematerialstoaccuratelydefinetissuesandorgans.Theintentistoquantifymaterials,andtoextractregionsandorgans based on their composition.
•Generate virtual non-contrast images from a contrast-enhanced image rather than having to scan the patient twice.
•Reduce beam hardening artifacts.
•Enhance the effect of contrast such as highlighting Iodine and soft tissue.
JJJJ.3 Classification of Multi-energy Images
The following Multi-energy image types and families are addressed in this supplement:
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Multi-Energy Imaging |
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Standard CT Image |
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Objective Image Family |
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Material Quantification Family |
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Material Visualization Family |
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Virtual Monoenergetic |
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Material-Specific Image |
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Image (VMI) |
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Examples: |
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• Iodine Map |
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Other IOD |
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CT IOD |
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Effective Atomic Number |
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(Z) Image |
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• Bone Density |
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Color Overlay Image |
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Material Modified Image |
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Electron Density Image |
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Fractional Map Image |
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Examples: |
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• Highlighted |
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Color Blending Image |
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• Partially suppressed |
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Value-based Map Image |
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Examples: |
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Color Map Image |
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• Gout crystals |
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• |
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Material Removed Image
Examples:
•Virtual unenhanced (VUE)
•Virtual non-contrast (VNC)
Figure JJJJ.3-1. Classification of Multi-energy Images
Standard CT Image (CT ImageImagescreatedusingMEtechniques,forexample,incaseofthecreationofconventionalappearing IOD, Enhanced CT Image IOD)CT images out of two energy spectra or images created with only one of the multiple energies
acquired. No new image type definitions are needed but new optional Attributes are needed.
- Standard -
Page 850 |
DICOM PS3.17 2020a - Explanatory Information |
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Objective Image Family |
Virtual Monoenergetic Image |
Each real-world value mapped pixel represents CT Hounsfield |
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units and is analogous to a CT image created by a monoener- |
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getic (of a specific keV value) X-Ray beam. In certain cases, |
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the image impression (quality) will allow a better iodine repres- |
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entation and better metal artifact reduction. Monoenergetic |
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imagesaresometimescolloquiallyreferredtoasmonochromatic |
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images. |
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EffectiveAtomicNumberImageEach real-world value mapped pixel represents Effective |
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Atomic Number (aka. "Effective Z") of that pixel. |
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Electron Density Image |
Each real-world value mapped pixel represents a number of |
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electrons per unit volume (N) in units of 1023/ml or a relative |
electron density to water (N/NWater). Electron density is used commonly in radiotherapy.
Material Quantification Image Theseimagetypescharacterizetheelementalcompositionofmaterialsintheimage.Theyprovide Family material quantification using a physical scale. Pixel values can be in HU or in equivalent material
concentration (e.g., mg/ml). The following image types belong to this family:
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Material-Specific Image |
Eachreal-worldvaluemappedpixelvaluerepresentsaproperty |
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of a material such as attenuation, concentration or density. |
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Material-Removed Image |
An image where the attenuation contribution of one or more |
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materials has been removed. Each real-world value mapped |
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pixel may be adjusted to represent the attenuation as if the pixel |
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was filled with the remaining materials. For pixels that did not |
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contain any of the removed material(s), the pixel values are un- |
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changed. For example, in virtual-unenhanced (VUE) or virtual- |
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non-contrast (VNC) image the attenuation contribution of the |
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contrast material is removed from each pixel. |
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Fractional Map Image |
Each real-world value mapped pixel represents the fraction of a |
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specific material present in the pixel. Since Fractional Map Im- |
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ages are generated as a set, the sum of the real-world values |
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for all the Fractional Map Images is 1 for each pixel. |
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Value-Based Map Image |
Each real-world value mapped pixel represents a certain value |
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for a specified material (the exact interpretation of the value |
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range has to be defined by the user). |
Material Visualization Image Theseimagetypesallowvisualizingmaterialcontent,usuallywithcolors(colormaps,coloroverlays, |
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blending, etc.). |
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Material-Modified Image |
CT Image where pixel values have been modified to highlight a |
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certain target material (either by partially suppressing the back- |
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ground or by enhancing the target material), or to partially sup- |
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press the target material. The image units are still HU, so they |
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may be presented similarly to conventional CT Images. The |
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values of some pixels in the Material-Modified Image are inten- |
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tionally distorted for better visualization of certain materials (i.e. |
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making tendon more visible). Thus, the image may not be used |
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for quantification, unlike a Material-Removed Image, which can. |
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Color Image |
Implementations of Material Visualization Images use existing |
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DICOMobjects(BlendingPresentationState,SecondaryCapture |
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Image (used as fallback)). |
- Standard -