Тема 4 Free Word-Groups.

Jargon words and slang words are…

Are characterized by the same degree of degradation

*differ in their degree of degradations

To produce humorous effect

To produce the effect of elevation

Jargon words are used within a certain professional group.

*To facilitate the communications

To show that the speaker also belongs to this group.

To stress the informal character of communication

To produce the effect of elevation

Latin abbreviations…

__ is observed in words whose sound-clusters imitate the sounds they signify.

__ reflects the concept expressed by the given word.

___ in which the first is a letter and the second a complete word.

*__ which sometimes are not read as Latin words but as separate letters.

Lexical abbreviations with the beginning of the word clipped are called __.

Apocope;

*Aphresis;

Syncope;

Verb;

Lexical abbreviations with the end of the word clipped are called __.

*apocopes;

apheresi;

Syncope;

Initial;

Lexical abbreviations with the middle of the word clipped are called __.

Apocope;

Aphresi;

*Syncopes;

Which are the Lexical homonyms?

__are words of different origin.

__which belong to different parts of speech.

__ which are identical in spelling but different in sound.

*__ which belongs to the same part of speeches.

Lexicology studies the development of the vocabulary, the origin of words and word-groups, and their semantic relations.

*Historicals;

Descriptive;

Grammatical;

Phonetic;

Linguistic dictionaries are divided into __.

*general and specialized;

Encyclopedic and specialized;

Explanatory and translation;

General and translation;

Give the definition of litotes;

__is a transfer of the meaning when the speaker uses exaggeration.

__ is a transfer of the meaning when it becomes worse in the course of time;

*__ is a transfer of the meaning when the speaker expresses affirmative with the negative or visa versas

__ is a transfer of the meaning when it becomes better in the course of time.

More than __ of the English vocabulary are borrowings.

One half;

One third;

*Two thirds;

Three quarter;

Morphemes are divided into two large groups:

Lexical and historical;

Grammatical and phonetic;

*Lexical and grammaticals;

Historical and grammatical;

Which words are neologisms?

*__ are words and word-groups that denote new concepts.

__with elevated, “lofty” colouring are traditionally used only poetry.

__are words or expressions borrowed without any change.

__ are obsolete names for existing things, action, phenomena.

Which Neologisms are denote of computers:

basic

Hardware

computerman

*multi-users

One of the most productive ways of word-building consisting in adding an affix to the stem of a definite part of speech is

*affixations;

composition;

conversion;

Abbreviation.

Origin of prefixe native (Germanic),:

sym-, hyper- etc.

in-, de-, ex-, re- etc.

*un-, over-, under- etc.

Origin of prefixe native Romanic…

*in-, de-, ex-, re- etc.

sym-, hyper- etc

un-, over-, under- etc.

Where is the Phonetical motivation?

*Cuckoos

Shoemaker.

Worker.

Bathroom

Pick out Borrowings of French words.

*Administer, empire, state, government,

Diletante, grotesque, graffitto,

Tomato, potato, tobbaco, cocoa, banana,

Iceberg,lobby, rucksack, Kindergarten,

Pick out the Holland borrowings.

Tango, rumba, habanera, guitar,

Administer, empire, state, government,

*Freight, skipper, pump, keel, dock,

Tomato, potato, tobbaco, cocoa, banana,

Pick out the Italian borrowings.

*Alto, baritone, basso, tenor, falsetto, solo, duet, trio,

Administer, empire, state, government,

Iceberg, lobby, rucksack, Kindergarten,

Corps, echelon, fuselage, Manoeuvre,

Pick out the Russian borrowings.

Tomato, potato, tobbaco, cocoa, banana,

*Narodnik,moujik, duma, zemstvo. volost,

Tango, rumba, habanera, guitar,

Freight, skipper, pump, keel, dock,

Pick out the Spanish borrowings.

Administer, empire, state, government,

*Tango, rumba, habanera,guitar,

Iceberg, lobby, rucksack, Kindergarten,

Corps, echelon, fuselage,Manoeuvre

Which is the poetic words?

__are words or expressions borrowed without any change.

*__with elevated, “lofty” colouring are traditionally used only poetry.

__ are obsolete names for existing things, action, phenomena.

__ are words and word-groups that denote new concept.

For what does Poetic words are used in poetic diction.

Due to the poetic tradition only

To create the romantic atmosphere

*To produce the effect of elevations

To produce humorous effect

Find the Prefixes denoting repetition or reversal actions…

in- (invaluable), non-(nonformals), un- (unfree) etc,

*de-(decolonize), re- (revegetation), dis- (disconnect),

inter-(interplanetary) , hyper- (hypertension), ex- (ex-student), pre- (pre-election), over- (overdrugging) etc.

able (breathable), less(symptomless), -ous (prestigious),

Find the Prefixes denoting time, space, degree relations…

*inter-(interplanetary) , hyper- (hypertension), ex- (ex-student), pre- (pre-election), over- (overdrugging) etc.

de-(decolonize), re- (revegetation), dis- (disconnect),

able (breathable), less(symptomless), -ous (prestigious),

in- (invaluable), non-(nonformals), un- (unfree) etc,

Find the Prefixes of negative meaning…

*in- (invaluable), non-(nonformals), un- (unfree) etc,

de-(decolonize), re- (revegetation), dis- (disconnect),

inter-(interplanetary) , hyper- (hypertension), ex- (ex-student), pre- (pre-election), over- (overdrugging) etc.

What is the main function of prefixes?

*The main function of __ in English is to change the lexical meaning of the same part of speeches.

is the part of the word which remains unchanged throughout the paradigm of the word.

One of the most productive ways of word-building consisting in adding an affix to the stem of a definite part of speech

The main function of __ in Modern English is to form one part of speech from another lexical meaning.

Primary ways of forming phraseological units are those when a unit is formed on the basis of __.

*A free word-groups;

Another phraseological unit;

A single word;

A morpheme;

Professor A.I. Smirnitsky compares __ units with derived words because derived words have only one root morpheme

*One top;

Two-top;

Three-top;

Four-top;

Secondary ways of forming phraseological units are those when a phraseological unit is formed on the basis of __.

A free word-group;

*Another phraseological unites;

A single word;

A morpheme;

Which Sound produced by animals, birds?

*To bark;

To sneeze;

To whistle;

To clatter;

Which Sound produced by animals, birds?

*To moo;

To sneeze;

To giggle;

To ding-dong;

Which Sound produced by animals?

*To buzz

To clatter

To mumble

To twitter

Which Sound produced by human beings?

To splash

To bark

To moo

*To whispers

WhichSound produced by human beings?

To buzz

To clatter

*To mumbles

To twitter

Which Sound produced by human beings

To splash

To bark

To moo

*To whispers

Which Sound produced by human beings?

To buzz

To clatter

*To mumbl

To twitter

Which Sound produced by human beings?

*To whisper;

To hiss;

To clatter;

To ding-dong;

Which Sound produced by human beings?

To bark;

To tinkle;

*To giggle;

To moo;

Which Sound produced by human beings?

To moo;

*To sneeze;

To hiss;

To clatter;

Which Sound produced by human beings?

*To whistle;

To bark;

To rustle;

To ding-dong;

Which Sound produced by nature and object, such as?

*To rustle;

To bark;

To whistle;

To sneeze;

Which Sound produced by nature and object, such as?

*To tinkle;

To sneeze;

To moo;

To giggle;

Which Sound produced by nature and object, such as

*To ding-dong;

To bark;

To sneeze;

To hiss;

Which Sound produced by nature and object, such as?

*To clatter;

To bark;

To sneeze;

To giggle;

What is the stem?

*is the part of the word which remains unchanged throughout the paradigm of the words.

One of the most productive ways of word-building consisting in adding an affix to the stem of a definite part of speech is

The main function of __ in Modern English is to form one part of speech from another; the secondary function is to change the lexical meaning.

The main function of __ in English is to change the lexical meaning of the same part of speech.

What stylistic synonyms is?

The __ are identical in their meaning and styles but different in their combining with other words in the sentence.

*The synonyms specialized in their usage are __ .

__ are words used to substitute some unpleasant or offensive words.

__ have exactly the same meaning and belong to the same style.

What is the definition of “suffixation”?

The main function of __ in Modern English is to form one part of speech from another; the secondary function is to change the lexical meaning.

*Is the formation of words by means of adding a suffix to the stems

is the part of the word which remains unchanged throughout the paradigm of the word.

One of the most productive ways of word-building consisting in adding an affix

Suffixes which can form different parts of speech are given here noun-forming suffixes:

-able (breathable), less(symptomless), -ous (prestigious),

ize (computerize) , -ify (micrify),

*-er (criticizer), -dom (officialdom), -ism (ageism),

-ly (singly), -ward (tableward),

What is the suffixes?

*The main function of __ in Modern English is to form one part of speech from another; the secondary function is to change the lexical meanings.

One of the most productive ways of word-building consisting in adding an affix to the stem of a definite part of speech

is the part of the word which remains unchanged throughout the paradigm of the word.

Is the formation of words by means of adding a suffix to the stem.

The __ are identical in their meaning and styles but different in their combining with other words in the sentence.

absolute synonym;

Semantic synonym;

Stylistic synonym;

*Phraseological synonyms;

The __ is the part of the word which remains unchanged throughout the paradigm of the word.

Prefix;

*stem;

Suffix;

Inflexion.

The attributive-nominal and verb-nominal phraseological units and phraseological repetitions are the structural types of __ units.

One top;

*two-tops;

Three-top;

Four-top;

The borrowings non-assimilated semantically, phonetically or grammatically are __ borrowings.

*partly assimilated;

Completely assimilated;

Non-assimilated;