Тема 4. Середньоанглійська та ранньоанглійська мова

Middle English is the period of ___ endings.

unstressed

long

*leveled

lost

The essence of the ___ was the narrowing of all Middle English long vowels and diphthongization of the narrowest long ones.

loss of unstressed endings

*great vowel shift

shortening of long vowel

monophthongization of the diphthongs

The Middle English period lasted ___.

from 1100 till 1200

from 1100 till 1200

*from 1100 till 1500

from 1500 till 1600

The Modern English period began at about ___.

1100

1200

1400

*1500

The Middle English changes in the spelling system can be explained by the influence of ___ graphic habits.

*French

Latin

Scandinavian

Greek

All Middle English spelling changes ___ the phonetic character of the Old English orthography.

*weakened

strengthened

did not change

did not affect

The main phonetic process in the system of Middle English vowels was the ___ of unstressed endings.

shortening

lengthening

*leveling

loss

The leading tendency in the Middle English grammar was the transition ___ ways of expressing the relations between words.

*from synthetic to analytical

from analytical to synthetic

from historical to logical

from logical to historical

The loss of synthetic forms was especially manifested in the gradual reduction, leveling and loss of ___.

category of number

tense forms

*endings

articles

By the end of the Middle English period the ___ of substantives was lost nearly everywhere.

category of number

*category of gender

category of case

categories of number and gender

Instead of four cases of Old English substantives we find only ___ cases in Middle English ___.

*two – common and possessive

two – genitive and dative

three – common, genitive and possessive

one – common case

With the loss of case inflections in Middle English the role of ___ grew ever more important.

articles

demonstrative pronouns

*prepositions

conjunctions

The Middle English personal pronouns distinguished ___ cases.

two – common and possessive

*two – nominative and objective

three – nominative, genitive and objective

four – nominative, genitive, dative and accusative

During the Middle English period the adjectives lost their ___ distinctions altogether.

gender

case

number

*gender and case

The most important feature in the system of the verb in Middle English was the ___ to express new grammatical meanings.

reduction of analytical forms

*development of analytical forms

reduction of synthetic forms

development of synthetic forms

In Middle English the word order was ___ in Old English.

more pliable than

*less pliable than

as pliable as

as free as

The main sources of borrowing in Middle English were ___.

*French and Scandinavian

Latin and French

Latin and Scandinavian

Latin and Celtic

In the course of the ___ century the London literary language gradually spread all over the country, superseding local dialects.

11th

13th

*15th

17th

State the origin of the word E.g. bith

French borrowing

Latin borrowing

*Scandinavian borrowing

Native

State the origin of the word E.g. сorrect

French borrowing

Native

*Latin borrowing

Scandinavian borrowing

State the origin of the word E.g. peer

*French borrowing

Latin borrowing

Scandinavian borrowing

Native

State the origin of the word E.g.sea

Latin borrowing

*Native

French borrowing

Scandinavian borrowing

State the origin of the word E.g. root

Native

French borrowing

*Latin borrowing

Scandinavian borrowing

State the origin of the word E.g. bacon

Scandinavian borrowing

*French borrowing

Native

Latin borrowing

State the origin of the word E.g. item

*Latin borrowing

Native

French borrowing

Scandinavian borrowing

State the origin of the word E.g.counsel

Native

Scandinavian borrowing

*French borrowing

Latin borrowing

State the origin of the word E.g. aspiration

*Latin borrowing

French borrowing

Scandinavian borrowing

State the origin of the word E.g. egg

Native

French borrowing

Latin borrowing

*Scandinavian borrowing

State the origin of the word E.g. world

French borrowing

*Native

Scandinavian borrowing

Latin borrowing

State the origin of the word E.g. skill

Native

French borrowing

*Scandinavian borrowing

Latin borrowing

State the origin of the word E.g. reluctant

Native

Scandinavian borrowing

French borrowing

*Latin borrowing

State the origin of the word E.g. curtain

*French borrowing

Native

Scandinavian borrowing

Latin borrowing

State the type of the root vowel in the Middle English word E.g. ME baken (OE bacan )

*long

short

-

-

State the type of the root vowel in the Middle English word E.g. ME fedde (OE fedde )

long

*short

-

-

State the type of the root vowel in the Middle English word E.g. ME frendscipe(OE freondscipe)

long

*short

-

-

State the type of the root vowel in the Middle English word E.g. ME hundred (OE hundred)

long

*short

-

-

State the type of the root vowel in the Middle English word E.g. ME wilde (OE wilde)

*long

short

-

-

State the history of final mute <-e> in Early Modern English. E.g. ME louse (OE lus)

*mute –e is the result of a final vowel

mute –e is added in Early Modern English (on the analogy or due to other reasons)

-

-

State the history of final mute <-e> in Early Modern English. E.g. ME hate (OE hatian)

mute –e is the result of a final vowel

*mute –e is added in Early Modern English (on the analogy or due to other reasons)

-

-

State the history of final mute <-e> in Early Modern English. E.g. ME sore (OE sar)

*mute –e is the result of a final vowel

mute –e is added in Early Modern English (on the analogy or due to other reasons)

-

-

State the history of final mute <-e> in Early Modern English. E.g. ME cove (OE cofa)

mute –e is the result of a final vowel

*mute –e is added in Early Modern English (on the analogy or due to other reasons)

-

-

State the history of final mute <-e> in Early Modern English. E.g. ME worse (OE wiersa)

*mute –e is the result of a final vowel

mute –e is added in Early Modern English (on the analogy or due to other reasons)

-

-

State the history of final mute <-e> in Early Modern English. E.g. ME while (OE hwil)

*mute –e is the result of a final vowel

mute –e is added in Early Modern English (on the analogy or due to other reasons)

-

-

State the history of final mute <-e> in Early Modern English. E.g. ME love (OE lufu)

*mute –e is the result of a final vowel

mute –e is added in Early Modern English (on the analogy or due to other reasons)

-

-

State the history of final mute <-e> in Early Modern English. E.g. ME grove (OE graf)

mute –e is the result of a final vowel

*mute –e is added in Early Modern English (on the analogy or due to other reasons)

-

-

State the history of final mute <-e> in Early Modern English. E.g. ME name (OE nemnen)

*mute –e is the result of a final vowel

mute –e is added in Early Modern English (on the analogy or due to other reasons)

-

-

State the history of final mute <-e> in Early Modern English. E.g. ME shine (OE scinan)

*mute –e is the result of a final vowel

mute –e is added in Early Modern English (on the analogy or due to other reasons)

-

-

State in the Middle English noun weather plural ending is historical or analogical. E.g. floores (OE flor, n f –u- “floor” )

historical

*analogical

-

-

State in the Middle English noun weather plural ending is historical or analogical. E.g. ernes(OE earn, n m –a- “eagle”)

*historical

analogical

-

-

State in the Middle English noun weather plural ending is historical or analogical. E.g. caren (OE cearu, n f –o- “care”)

historical

*analogical

-

-

State in the Middle English noun weather plural ending is historical or analogical. E.g. swine (OE swin, n n –a- “swine”)

*historical

analogical

-

-

State in the Middle English noun weather plural ending is historical or analogical. E.g. folks (OE folc n n –a- “folk”)

historical

*analogical

-

-

State in the Middle English noun weather plural ending is historical or analogical. E.g. noses (OE nosu n f –u- “nose”)

historical

*

-

-

State in the Middle English noun weather plural ending is historical or analogical. E.g. domes (OE dom, n m –a- “doom”)

*historical

analogical

-

-

State in the Middle English noun weather plural ending is historical or analogical. E.g. hors (OE hors, n n –a- “horse”)

*historical

analogical

-

-

State in the Middle English noun weather plural ending is historical or analogical. E.g. doores (OE dor, n n –a- “door”)

historical

*analogical

-

-

State in the Middle English noun weather plural ending is historical or analogical. E.g. namen (OE nama, n m –n- “name”)

*historical

analogical

-

-