Тема 1. Предмет теоретичної фонетики

What are the active organs of speech?

*the vocal cords, the tongue, the lips, the soft roof, the uvula, the back wall of the pharynx, the lower jaw, and the lungs.

When did a science of phonetics flourish?

*2000 years ago

5000 years ago

2 centuries ago

5 centuries ago

What is the glottal stop?

*A sort of coughing noise

A pause

The opening between two vocal folds

A result of obstruction between two organs of speech

What is the smallest unit of phonetics?

*a speech sound

a phoneme

A word

A syllable

What kind of phonetics study the way in which the air vibrates between the speaker’s mouth and the listener’s ear?

*Acoustic

Auditory

Articulatory

Experimental

The branch of phonetics investigating the hearing process is known as … phonetics.

*Auditory

Acoustic

Articulatory

Experimental

What is speech?

*Human communication through spoken language

Speech sounds

A system of sounds

A system of conventional spoken and written symbols

What is the theory of N.I.Zhinkin reflect?

*it reflects the position that the arc of loudness or perception levels formed due to variations of the volume of pharyngeal passage which is modified by contraction of its walls

looks upon the norm as a complex of all functional styles

it reflects the position that there is a syllabic phoneme in the centre of the syllable which is usually a vowel or in some languages sonorant

it reflects the concept of sonority

What does the theory of Y.Screbniev reflect?

*looks upon the norm as a complex of all functional styles

it reflects the position that the arc of loudness or perception levels formed due to variations of the volume of pharyngeal passage which is modified by contraction of its walls

it reflects the position that there is a syllabic phoneme in the centre of the syllable which is usually a vowel or in some languages sonorant

it reflects the concept of sonority

When the soft palate is lowered?

*Nasal sounds are produced

Monophthongs are produced

Diphthongs are produced

Bilabial consonants are produced

What may be the position of the lips?

*Neutral, rounded, protruded forward

Protruded backward

opened

closed

What may be the pоsition of the soft palate may be?

*raised and lowered

Protruded backward

Protruded forward

Opened and closed

What is phonology?

*the branch of phonetics that studies the linguistic function of consonant and vowel sounds, stylistic structure, word accent and prosodic features, such as pitch, stress and tempo

the branch of phonetics that studies the way in which the air is set in motion, the movements of the speech organs and the coordination of these movements in the production of the single sounds and trains of sounds

the branch of phonetics investigating the hearing process

-

What does practical phonetics study?

*the substance, the material form of phonetic phenomena in relation to meaning

It is mainly concerned with the functioning of phonetic units in the language.

The linguistic phenomena concerning all sides of a language.

-

What are the passive organs of speech?

*the teeth, the gum ridge, and the hard roof.

What is broad or phonetic transcription?

*type of notation which provides special symbols for all the phonemes of a language

type of notation which suggests special symbols including some information about articulatory activity of particular allophonic features.

-

-

What is the function of the vocal cords?

*vibrator set in motion

Producer of voice

Reducer of air-pressure

-

What allophones do we call principle?

*which do not undergo any distinguishable changes in the chain of speech

which undergo any distinguishable changes in the chain of speech

which have the oppositions

-

What allophones do we call subsidiary?

*which undergo any distinguishable changes in the chain of speech

which do not undergo any distinguishable changes in the chain of speech

which have not the oppositions

-

What does the written speech represent?

A group of independent but interrelated elements

*A special system of graphic symbols which are perceptible optically

A combination of interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

The process of writing

The branch of phonetics that studies the way in which the air is set in motion, the movements of the speech organs and the coordination of these movements in the production of the single sounds and trains of sounds is called … phonetics.

Acoustic

*Articulatory

Auditory

Experimental

How does a diachronic description of a language describe a language?

as it is at a given time

In comparison with other languages

From the viewpoint of its structure

*Within its historical development

What does the theory of R.H.Stetson reflect?

it reflects the position that there is a syllabic phoneme in the centre of the syllable which is usually a vowel or in some languages sonorant

*it reflected the assumption that expiration in speech is a pulsating process and each syllable should correspond to a single aspiration

looks upon the norm as a complex of all functional styles

it reflects the position that the arc of loudness or perception levels formed due to variations of the volume of pharyngeal passage which is modified by contraction of its walls

What does the theory of O.Jesperson reflect?

it reflects the position that the arc of loudness or perception levels formed due to variations of the volume of pharyngeal passage which is modified by contraction of its walls

it reflects the position that there is a syllabic phoneme in the centre of the syllable which is usually a vowel or in some languages sonorant

*it reflects the concept of sonority

looks upon the norm as a complex of all functional styles

What does the theory of L.V.Shcherba reflect?

looks upon the norm as a complex of all functional styles

it reflects the concept of sonority

*it reflects the position that there is a syllabic phoneme in the centre of the syllable which is usually a vowel or in some languages sonorant

it reflected the assumption that expiration in speech is a pulsating process and each syllable should correspond to a single aspiration

What kinds of phoneme qualities do you know?

Material and real

Real and objective

Material and objective

Material real and objective

What do we call vocal cords?

opening between two elastic folds

*Two elastic folds

Vibration of the voice

Two elastic cords

What does theoretical phonetics study?

The linguistic phenomena concerning all sides of a language.

*It is mainly concerned with the functioning of phonetic units in the language.

the substance, the material form of phonetic phenomena in relation to meaning

-

What is transcription?

the system of phonetic investigations

*the system of phonetic notations

the system of phonetic stress

the system of phonetic syllables

When do we use the instrumental method in phonetics?

To correct the intonation

*The use of instruments is variable in ascertaining the nature of limitations and characteristics of the human sensory apparatus by providing detailed analysis.

To research the syllable

To research the stress

What is glottis?

Two elastic folds

Two elastic cords

*opening between two elastic folds

The vocal folds

What is narrow or allophonic transcription?

type of notation which provides special symbols for all the phonemes of a language

* type of notation which suggests special symbols including some information about articulatory activity of particular allophonic features.

-

-

What is the most important speech function of the vocal cords?

vibration

Reduction of air-pressure

*Production of voice

-

How does a synchronic description of a language describe a language?

Within its historical development

*as it is at a given time

In comparison with other languages

From the viewpoint of its structure