- •Английский язык
- •§1. Основные формы глагола ...................................................................126
- •X. Imagine that you are to make a report. While preparing it use the
- •Unit two
- •7 Типов волн
- •Lesson three
- •Lesson four
- •Unit three
- •Lesson one Pre-text Exercises
- •Lesson three
- •Lesson four
- •Text с Compact Disks
- •Unit four
- •Lesson three
- •Lesson four
- •Unit five
- •Lesson one Pre-text Exercises
- •Lesson two
- •Text a The Age of Electronics
- •Lesson three
- •Lesson four
- •Vacuum Tubes
- •Unit six
- •Lesson one
- •Lesson two
- •Text a Transistors and Semiconductor Devices
- •Lesson three
- •Integrated Circuits
- •Lesson four
- •Text с From Radio Valves to Cosmic Communications
- •Unit seven
- •Text a Lasers and Masers
- •Industry
- •Lesson three
- •Lesson four
- •Laser at Work
- •Unit eight
- •Lesson three
- •Unit nine
- •Pre-text Exercises
- •Miniaturization
- •Unit ten
- •Lesson one Pre-text Exercises
- •Lesson two
- •Text a The Generations of Computers
- •Lesson three
- •Text в Microprocessor System
- •Lesson four
- •Text c a Step away from Ideal
- •Unit eleven
- •Text a Mechanization and Automation
- •Unit twelve
- •Lesson one Pre-text Exercises
- •Text a Historical Background of Robots
- •Industrial robots
- •Lesson three
- •Text в People and Robots
- •Lesson four
- •Text с Three Generations of Robots
- •Unit fourteen
- •Lesson four
- •Information and Communication in the Third Millennium
- •Unit fifteen
- •Lesson two
- •Interactive Picture Information Systems
- •Lesson four
- •Text с a Perspective on the Development of Videotex
- •Грамматический справочник
- •1. Глагол
- •§1. Основные формы глагола
- •§ 2. Система грамматических времен английского языка
- •1. Времена группы Indefinite
- •2. Времена группы Continuous
- •3. Времена группы Perfect
- •4. Времена группы Perfect Continuous
- •§ 3. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •1. Способы перевода глагола-сказуемого
- •2. Способы перевода подлежащего
- •§ 4. Согласование времен (The Sequence of Tenses)
- •§ 5. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •§ 6. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •§ 7. Условные предложения (The Conditional Clauses)
- •§ 8. Глагол to be (to be — was, were — been)
- •§ 9. Глагол to have (to have — had — had)
- •§ 10. Глагол to do
- •§ 11. Глагол should
- •§ 12. Глагол would
- •II. Неличные формы глагола
- •3. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот (Complex Subject)
- •4. Объектный инфинитивный оборот
- •5. Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for
- •§ 14. Причастия (The Participles)
- •1. Формы причастия
- •2. Функции Participle I
- •3. Функции Participle II
- •4. Независимый причастный оборот
- •§ 15. Герундий (The Gerund)
- •1. Формы герундия
- •2. Функции герундия в предложении
- •3. Герундиальный оборот (Gerundial Construction)
- •4. Сравнение функций Participle I и Gerund
- •III. Анализ предложения
- •§ 16. Простое предложение (The Simple Sentence)
- •1. Признаки строя предложений в английском языке
- •2. Группа подлежащего
- •3. Группа сказуемого
- •4. Дополнение
- •5. Обстоятельство
- •6. Определение
- •§ 17. Сложное предложение (The Composite Sentence)
- •1. Сложносочиненное предложение
- •2. Сложноподчиненное предложение
- •§ 18. Усилительные конструкции (Emphatic Constructions)
- •It was the development of radio Именно развития радио
- •§ 19. Определительные сочетания
- •1. Показатели границ определительного сочетания
- •IV. Многофункциональные местоимения
- •§ 20. It
- •§ 21. That - those
- •§ 22. These
- •§ 23. One
- •§ 24. Грамматическая омонимичность слов, оканчивающихся на -s, -ed, -ing
Lesson three
I. Look through the list of English words and their Russian equivalents facilitating reading text B:
assembly – скомпонованный блок, сборка, монтаж; working tool – рабочий инструмент; microprocessor unit – блок микропроцессора; proper – подходящий, нужный; to alter – изменять, видоизменять; chunks of information – порции информации; in an orderly fashion – организованным (правильным) образом; to reduce to – сводить к; to increment – прирастить; flexibility – гибкость; stream – поток; to fetch – вызывать; to measure – измерять; to transfer – передавать; to bring in – вводить, вносить; serial –последовательный.
II. Skim through the text. Try to understand its main idea (you are given 15 minutes).
Text в Microprocessor System
A functioning microprocessor is not simply a tiny piece of silicon which can replace a room full of data processing equipment. It requires many other components to make it work. The term "microcomputer" refers to the assembly of parts which make the microprocessor a useful working tool.
The microprocessor unit (MPU) is the “brain” of the system and directs all of the other parts to perform their function at the proper time.
An MPU is a complex integrated circuit. It is a highly miniaturized version of the minicomputers. A typical MPU will have the equivalent of about 7,000 transistors, diodes, resistors, etc., on a single piece of silicon less than 1/16 in. square.
The job of the microprocessor is to move or alter chunks of information in an orderly fashion. The chunks of information are reduced to coded form represented as binary numbers which the microprocessor can manipulate. The MPU can only do extremely elementary actions, such as move a piece of data, add two numbers, increment a counter, etc.
Each one of the elementary operations of an MPU has its own binary code. The sequence of codes which makes the processor do its intended function is called a program or software. The inherent flexibility of an MPU comes from the fact1 that instructions can be combined in limitless variations.
The MPU can perform only one operation at a time. A clock, which is simply a stream of regular pulses, is required to control the proper sequencing. During operation the microprocessor fetches an instruction from memory, decodes the function, performs the proper activity and fetches the next instruction. It repeats this sequence as long as power is on and the clock is running2.
MPUs are measured by the size of the piece of data which can be transferred to and from memory. Most MPUs are 4-bit, 8-bit or 16-bit in size.
An MPU system also needs a way to get information to the outside world and to bring in outside information that has been properly coded. Input/output devices exist which perform this function. Generally, they come in two types, parallel and serial. Parallel devices can send and receive coded data in one chunk. Serial devices transform the coded data into a single stream which must be reconstructed at the receiving end.
The minimum MPU system will be composed of the following: an MPU, memory, some form of input/output, a clock and some source of power.
Notes
the inherent flexibility of an MPU comes from the fact — свойственная микропроцессорному блоку гибкость исходит из того
it repeats this sequence as long as power is on and the clock is running — он повторяет эту последовательность до тех пор, пока включена энергия и работает синхронизатор
III. Answer the following questions on the contents of the text:
1. What is a microprocessor unit? 2. What are the chunks of information reduced to? 3. The MPU can perform only one operation at a time, can't it? 4. How are MPUs measured? 5. What can parallel and serial devices do?
IV. Give the main points of the text.
V. Speak about the job of the microprocessor.