- •Contents
- •Grammar Terms Glossary ……………………………………………………………. … 88 parts of speech
- •Parts of Speech Poem
- •Structural classification of the sentence
- •A noun
- •A pronoun
- •Part 1.
- •The predicate
- •V erbal nominal verbal nominal
- •Simple verbal predicates
- •Simple nominal predicates
- •Compound verbal aspect predicates
- •Compound nominal predicates
- •Predicatives
- •Link verbs
- •Mixed kinds of predicates
- •Her dream came true
- •Subject-predicate agreement
- •In addition to
- •Including
- •The number # a number
- •Refrain
- •Refrain
- •Refrain
- •Secondary members of the sentence
- •Ways of expressing the object
- •Find the objects, define their types and write the numbers of the sentences in the corresponding column of the chart;
- •Match the objects of the sentences with the parts of speech they are expressed by.
- •The attribute
- •The apposition
- •Apposition
- •The adverbial modifier
- •Independent elements of the sentence
- •I ndependent Elements of the Sentence
- •Interjection Direct Address Parenthesis
- •Word order
- •Objects
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Functions of the verbs “to be” and “to have” in the sentence
- •T o have
- •Imperative sentences
- •Pronouns
- •P ronouns
- •1. Personal Pronouns
- •2. Possessive Pronouns
- •3. Reflexive Pronouns
- •4. Reciprocal Pronouns
- •5. Demonstrative Pronouns
- •Desmond’s Day
- •6. Indefinite Pronouns
- •7. Negative Pronouns
- •8. Interrogative Pronouns
- •Which and who.
- •9. Conjunctive Pronouns
- •10. Relative Pronouns
- •11. Universal Pronouns
- •12. Detaching Pronouns
- •Part b.
- •The noun
- •Structural (Morphological) Classification of Nouns
- •Semantic Classification of Nouns
- •Plural of nouns
- •Regular formation
- •Nouns ending in –y
- •4. Nouns ending in –o
- •5. Nouns ending in –f
- •6. Traditional exceptions.
- •7. Nouns that have no separate plural form
- •Nouns meaning nationality,
- •Nouns meaning some special technical terms
- •8. Nouns of Greek and Latin origin
- •9. Nouns used only in the Singular Form (Singularia Tantum) or agreeing with singular verbs
- •Names of sciences and other fields of people’s activity that end in -ics,
- •Abstract notions (uncountable nouns),
- •10. Nouns used only in the Plural Form (PluraliaTantum)
- •11. Collective Nouns
- •Collective Nouns
- •12. Compound nouns
- •13. Proper nouns
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •Noun quantifiers
- •The possessive case of nouns (the genitive case) Formation of the Possessive Case
- •Use of the Possessive Case
- •How to say numbers
- •The goblet of fire breaks records in the u.S. And britain
- •The adjective Semantic Classification
- •Structural Classification
- •Degrees of comparison of adjectives
- •Irregular formation (traditional exceptions),
- •Spelling:
- •Very much nicer a lot happier a little less expensive slightly
- •Patterns of comparison
- •Sensible similes
- •More ways of comparisons
- •The adverb
- •A dverbs
- •Order of adverbs
- •Degrees of comparison of adverbs
- •Rather – quite - pretty
Mixed kinds of predicates
There exist some mixed kinds of predicates whose types are determined by the first type of predicate,
e.g. You really ought to stop smoking. = compound modal aspect predicate
The boy continued to be happy the whole week. = compound aspect nominal predicate
John just had to be the first in that competition. = compound modal nominal predicate
*TASK 12. Choose the correct part of speech after the verb.
Lilies smell (sweet/sweetly).
This sauce tastes (odd/oddly).
These diamond earrings feel very (well/good) on my ears.
The dog smelled the flower (cautiously/cautious).
The boys felt (happy/happily) when the teacher forgot to give them their homework.
This mushroom pizza tastes (terrifically/ terrific).
The piano sounds (well/good) tonight.
I felt my way (cautiously/cautious) through the darkened room.
Pat looked most ( beautiful/beautifully) at the party yesterday.
The old man tasted the hot tea (careful/carefully).
**TASK 13. Find the predicatives in the sentence given below and match them with the parts of speech in the right-hand column.
Jane’s mother was a widow. a) a participle I
The book on the table was Victor’s. b) a gerund
Lily’s dress looked very smart. c) an infinitive
Dan felt delighted. d) a numeral
Is this book his? e) a noun
Who is he? f) a personal pronoun
My grandpa will be 70 next year. g) a predicative clause
To live is to love. h) an adlink
His passion is fishing; mine is doing nothing. i) a quotation
The news sounded distressing. j) an adjective
Kate was very much afraid. k) a participle II
That’s what she told me. l) a noun in the possessive case
The title of the book was “The Black Arrow”. m) a possessive pronoun
**TASK 14. Find the predicates in the sentences below and decide if they are defined in the right or wrong way. Tick the corresponding column. Correct the wrong definitions.
No |
Sentence |
Type of the predicate |
Right |
Wrong |
1 |
She will be able to do this work only tomorrow. |
simple verbal |
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2. |
The frog leapt off and disappeared in the grass. |
simple verbal |
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3 |
Mary kept doing her work without looking at us. |
compound aspect |
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4 |
The fault was not mine, it was hers. |
simple verbal |
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5 |
Sally, a governess! |
simple nominal |
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6 |
She was taught German in her childhood. |
compound nominal |
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7 |
He had to bite his lip, not to laugh. |
compound modal |
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8 |
The house looked sweet and cheerful. |
compound aspect |
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9 |
He will be a good painter. |
simple verbal |
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10 |
Grace was 65 and still beautiful. |
compound nominal |
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11 |
Should you report to your boss immediately? |
compound aspect |
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12 |
The theatre was being reconstructed when we came to the city. |
compound nominal |
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13 |
Anna’s eyes grew moist. |
compound nominal |
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14. |
How long has she been speaking on the phone? |
simple verbal |
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15 |
She doesn’t like to give her books to other people. |
compound aspect |
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**TASK 15. Find all the predicates in the text given below and identify their types.