Grammar Terms Glossary ……………………………………………………………. … 88 parts of speech

*TASK 1. It’s impossible to speak about grammar without knowing special terms. In order to learn them do this task.

Step 1. Read the poem.

Parts of Speech Poem

The noun is the name of anything as school, garden or king;

Adjectives tell the kind of noun as great, small, pretty, white or brown;

Instead of the noun, the pronoun is as mine, yours, ours or his;

Verbs tell of something being done – to read, to count, to carry or to run;

How things are done the adverbs tell as slowly, quickly, ill or well;

Conjunctions join the words together as man and woman, wind or weather;

The preposition stands before a noun as in, or through the door;

The interjection shows surprise as “Oh! How pretty!” “Ah! How wise!”

Three little words you often see are articles – “a, an and the”.

The whole are called Parts of Speech which

Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening teach.

Step 2. Sort out all parts of speech mentioned in the poem into notional and structural ones.

Notional (denote extralinguistic phenomena such as things, actions, qualities, emotions, etc)	Structural (denote linguistic phenomena either expressing relations between words or sentences or emphasizing their meaning)

Step 3. The rhyme you have read doesn’t give the whole list of parts of speech. Here are some more in the box. Place them in the right column of the table above.

particles numerals adlinks modal words

Note:

1. The particle is a part of speech, which can emphasise, limit or intensify the meaning of the word,

e.g. She is a student too. He is only a schoolboy. He is just the person I need.

2. The adlink denotes a temporary state of a person or thing,

e.g. When I looked into the room, the child was still awake.

I am afraid to stay at home alone.

2. Modal words express the speaker’s evaluation of the relation between the statement made in the sentence and reality, e.g. certainly, of course, perhaps, unfortunately, etc.

e.g. I will certainly come tomorrow. Perhaps, she is ill.

2. The numeral denotes an abstract number or the order of things in succession.

e.g. There were twenty students in her group. I was the third to answer at the exam.

*TASK 2. Sort out the words below into the corresponding columns.

own compliment to draw Wow! the seven

asleep between yet an Ouch! also

they lovely burning can maybe dream

Notional	Structural

**TASK 3. Fill in the following grid with the missing parts of speech.

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb
care	to care	careful	carefully
	to agree
			differently
friend
difficulty
		rich
		poor
	to prefer
			ridiculously
delight
		simple
	to know
			quickly
prison
fear

*TASK 4. Define what parts of speech the given words are.

1. over

2. mushroom

3. then

4. whether

5. billion

6. theirs

7. smiling

8. good

9. said

10. well

11. Phew!

12. positively

13. through

14. just

15. evidently