- •Contents
- •Grammar Terms Glossary ……………………………………………………………. … 88 parts of speech
- •Parts of Speech Poem
- •Structural classification of the sentence
- •A noun
- •A pronoun
- •Part 1.
- •The predicate
- •V erbal nominal verbal nominal
- •Simple verbal predicates
- •Simple nominal predicates
- •Compound verbal aspect predicates
- •Compound nominal predicates
- •Predicatives
- •Link verbs
- •Mixed kinds of predicates
- •Her dream came true
- •Subject-predicate agreement
- •In addition to
- •Including
- •The number # a number
- •Refrain
- •Refrain
- •Refrain
- •Secondary members of the sentence
- •Ways of expressing the object
- •Find the objects, define their types and write the numbers of the sentences in the corresponding column of the chart;
- •Match the objects of the sentences with the parts of speech they are expressed by.
- •The attribute
- •The apposition
- •Apposition
- •The adverbial modifier
- •Independent elements of the sentence
- •I ndependent Elements of the Sentence
- •Interjection Direct Address Parenthesis
- •Word order
- •Objects
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Functions of the verbs “to be” and “to have” in the sentence
- •T o have
- •Imperative sentences
- •Pronouns
- •P ronouns
- •1. Personal Pronouns
- •2. Possessive Pronouns
- •3. Reflexive Pronouns
- •4. Reciprocal Pronouns
- •5. Demonstrative Pronouns
- •Desmond’s Day
- •6. Indefinite Pronouns
- •7. Negative Pronouns
- •8. Interrogative Pronouns
- •Which and who.
- •9. Conjunctive Pronouns
- •10. Relative Pronouns
- •11. Universal Pronouns
- •12. Detaching Pronouns
- •Part b.
- •The noun
- •Structural (Morphological) Classification of Nouns
- •Semantic Classification of Nouns
- •Plural of nouns
- •Regular formation
- •Nouns ending in –y
- •4. Nouns ending in –o
- •5. Nouns ending in –f
- •6. Traditional exceptions.
- •7. Nouns that have no separate plural form
- •Nouns meaning nationality,
- •Nouns meaning some special technical terms
- •8. Nouns of Greek and Latin origin
- •9. Nouns used only in the Singular Form (Singularia Tantum) or agreeing with singular verbs
- •Names of sciences and other fields of people’s activity that end in -ics,
- •Abstract notions (uncountable nouns),
- •10. Nouns used only in the Plural Form (PluraliaTantum)
- •11. Collective Nouns
- •Collective Nouns
- •12. Compound nouns
- •13. Proper nouns
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •Noun quantifiers
- •The possessive case of nouns (the genitive case) Formation of the Possessive Case
- •Use of the Possessive Case
- •How to say numbers
- •The goblet of fire breaks records in the u.S. And britain
- •The adjective Semantic Classification
- •Structural Classification
- •Degrees of comparison of adjectives
- •Irregular formation (traditional exceptions),
- •Spelling:
- •Very much nicer a lot happier a little less expensive slightly
- •Patterns of comparison
- •Sensible similes
- •More ways of comparisons
- •The adverb
- •A dverbs
- •Order of adverbs
- •Degrees of comparison of adverbs
- •Rather – quite - pretty
More ways of comparisons
Study some other ways of comparisons:
twice as big as = two times bigger than (old-fashioned)
three times as wide as = three times wider than
four times as deep as = four times deeper than
ten times as fascinating as = ten times more fascinating than
half as strong as = вполовину слабее
half as good as = вполовину хуже
half as heavy = вполовину легче
half as much again as = one and a half times more = в полтора раза больше
half as heavy again as = в полтора раза тяжелее
half as expensive again as = в полтора раза дороже
the same as = такой же как
There also some set expressions with the degrees of comparison of adjectives:
a change for the better (worse) = перемена к лучшему (к худшему)
so much the better (the worse) = тем лучше (хуже)
if the worst comes to the worst = в самом худшем случае
to go from bad to worse = идти все хуже и хуже
at best (at worst) = в лучшем (худшем) случае
none the less / nevertheless = тем не менее
to be at one’s best = быть в ударе, на высоте
to do one’s best = делать все возможное
to the best of my knowledge = насколько мне известно
do as you think best = делай как считаешь нужным
*TASK 87. Translate into Russian/ Ukrainian.
This lake is four times as deep in the middle as near the shores.
Their car was twice as expensive as ours.
This ravine is three times deeper than the one we saw yesterday.
This computer table is half as large again than the one you have in your study.
Your dress is the same colour as mine.
This oak-tree is half as old again as the oldest tree in our botanical garden.
To the best of my knowledge, the old man never made a will, so now it is difficult to say who will inherit all his fortune.
If the worst comes to the worst, we can always ask Mr. FitsWilliams for help.
After his long illness the old man became half as strong as he used to be.
This cake is much sweeter than the one you baked last Christmas. – Of course, I put one and a half times more sugar.
‘LIKE’ versus ‘AS’
‘Like’ is used |
‘As’ is used |
• for similarities, e.g. She swims like a fish. • after the verbs to feel, to look, to smell, to sound, to taste + noun or gerund. e.g. It looks like silk. I feel like having a cup of tea now. • with nouns, pronouns or the -ing form to express similarity or contrast, e.g. There's no place like home. No one can sing like him. It was like flying in complete weightlessness. |
• to say what somebody or something really is (jobs or roles). e.g. She works as a tour guide. (She is a tour guide.) Harrison Ford was great as Indiana Jones. • in certain expressions: as usual, as... as, as much, such as, the same as, e.g. He started complaining as usual. • after the verbs and expressions to accept, to be known, to class, to describe, to refer to, to regard, to use, e.g. He is known as the father of modern medicine. Immigrant workers were classed as aliens. He regards himself as a patriot. The man was described as tall and dark. • in clauses of manner to mean 'in the way that', e.g. Do as I tell you. |
*TASK 88. Fill in the gaps with “like” or “as”.
A: Lisa Turner is a wonderful artist.
B: Yes, No one else can paint ______ her.
A: I wish Sarah would stop being so immature.
B: I agree. She acts ______ a child sometimes.
3. A: How shall I tie my shoelaces?
B: Do it ______ we taught you.
4. A: The play last night was fantastic.
B: Yes. The lead actor was wonderful ______ Macbeth.
5. A: What does Mark do for a living?
B: He works ______ a hotel manager.
6. A: What kind of meat is this?
B: I'm not sure. It tastes ______ beef.
7. A: I've just bought this dress.
B: Gosh! It's exactly the same ______ the one I bought!
A: I'm sure I know that man.
B: Me too. He looks ______ my old maths teacher.
9. A: It was far too hot in that room.
B: I know. It was ______ being in an oven.
10. A: Eric Clapton is very talented, isn't he?
B: Yes, He is known ______ one of the greatest rock musicians of our time.
11. A: What is Peter cooking?
B: I don't know. It smells ______ fish
***TASK 89. Translate into English.
Bчерашняя контрольная работа была в два раза труднее, чем предыдущая. Мне было очень тяжело с ней справиться, но мне кажется, тем не менее, что я перевел все предложения правильно.
Новый стадион, который сейчас строится в одном из «спальных» районов города, будет в полтора раза больше нашего самого большого стадиона.
Хотя спальня моих родителей в два раза меньше моей комнаты, она мне нравится гораздо больше, потому что она выходит окнами на восток, и там всегда утром много солнца.
Мне очень нравится этот зеленый костюм, но я не могу позволить себе его купить. – Посмотри на тот голубой, он не менее красив, и в полтора раза дешевле. – Тем лучше, мне он нравится даже больше, чем зеленый.
Водород в семь раз легче лития, а цинк в десять раз тяжелее этого вещества.
Сегодня очень холодный день. Температура воздуха в два раза ниже, чем вчера. Для меня это перемена к худшему, так как сегодня я смогу сделать гораздо меньше работы на огороде, чем планировал.
Вы слышали, что Шон О’Коннери снова женился? И его новая жена втрое моложе его. Тем хуже для него. Я могу поспорить, что этот брак будет таким же коротким, как и все предыдущие.
Дела в семье Диккенсов становились все хуже и хуже, и, наконец, отцу семейства пришлось отправиться в долговую тюрьму, где к нему вскоре присоединилась его жена со всеми детьми, кроме девятилетнего Чарльза.
Что мистер Соммерсет будет делать, если его банк обанкротится? – В самом худшем случае, он продаст все свои акции и заложит свое родовое поместье. Но я думаю, до этого дело не дойдет.
