4. In some set expressions:

• Suffice it to say that he soon came back. - Достаточно сказать, что он скоро вернулся.

(Suffice it to say that ... = It suffices to say that ...; to suffice = быть достаточным, хватать; удовлетворять (for)

• Far be it from me to contradict you! - У меня и в мыслях не было противоречить вам.

• Far be it from me to spoil the fun! Far be it from me to conceal the truth!

• God forbid! - Боже упаси! Сохрани бог! Избави бог! Heaven forbid! - Боже упаси!

• God bless you! / Bless you! - Будьте здоровы (чихнувшему). Дай бог вам здоровья.

• Bless me; bless my soul; bless my/your heart; God bless me/you; I'm blest – выражение удивления, негодования - Господи помилуй!

• God save the king! - Боже храни короля! The Devil take him! - Чёрт возьми!

• Be it so! So be it! - Пусть будет так! Да будет так!

• Come what will. - Будь, что будет.

Note. We sometimes find ‘may + infinitive’ and ‘let + infinitive’ in sentences of the kind:

• Come what may.../ Happen what may...- Что случится, то случится…/ Что будет, то будет …

• Let it be so. - Пусть будет так! Да будет так!

• Be this as it may ..../ Be that as it may... - Как бы то ни было …

5. in sentences with ‘but for’; ‘in your place’.

• But for him, I wouldn’t know it. But for you, they would never have met.

• In your place I would do it. In your place he wouldn’t have invited them.

6. The form ‘were’ is found in the set phrase ‘as it were’ (так сказать; как бы) which is used parenthetically.

• They were silent and, as it were, oppressed. (подавлены)

7. ‘Would + infinitive’ is found in ‘as luck would have it’ (по счастливому стечению обстоятельств) or ‘as ill luck would have it’ (на беду; как на зло).

• As luck would have it, I was invited for that night.

The subjunctive mood in simple sentences is characteristic of literary style, except in oaths and imprecations, which belong to low colloquial style.

Complex sentences

• 1. The subjunctive mood in conditional sentences

A Conditional Sentence is a complex sentence with an adverbial clause of condition (sometimes called if-clause):

There are four important types of conditional sentences:

Zero Conditional,

First Conditional,

Second Conditional,

Third Conditional.

Zero Conditional (Type 0)

Zero Conditional Sentences express a general or scientific truth which is true for present, past and future. It is a rule that result always depends on, follows from or is caused by condition.

(‘If’ means ‘when/whenever’ or ‘it is true that’)

• If you add two and two, you get four.

• If you mix red and yellow, you get orange.

• Water boils if you heat it to 100◦ C.

• If you spend over £20 at that supermarket, you get a 5% discount.

• If you boil water, it turns into steam.

• If you borrow money, you pay interest to the bank.

• Plants die if you don’t water them.

• If she heard it, she gave no sign.

• If I had time, I did a translation in writing.

• If it was raining, we stayed at home.

• We went home early if it was foggy.

• If you have a job like that, you are very lucky. (= If it is true that you have a job like that, you are very lucky.)

• If nothing happened, you were lucky. (= If it is true that nothing happened, ...)

• If (Whenever) it rains, we play football indoors.

First Conditional (Type 1)

We use First Conditional Sentences to say that events or situations are possible in the future but not certain.

The Indicative and the Imperative Mood are used.

• If he goes now, he will catch the train. (perhaps he will catch or perhaps he won’t)

• I’ll come back later if you are working now.

• What will you do if you don’t find a job?

• Don’t be angry if I stay out late.

• If I see Jack, I will give him your message.

• If I don’t hurry, it will be dark before I get to Grandma’s house.

• If you need something from the fridge, help yourself.

Note: There are some very common expressions with ‘if’: