- •The category of mood
- •1. The Indicative Mood.
- •2. The Imperative Mood.
- •3. The Subjunctive Mood
- •The subjunctive mood
- •The Present Subjunctive
- •The use of the subjunctive mood simple sentences
- •4. In some set expressions:
- •Complex sentences
- •1. The subjunctive mood in conditional sentences
- •If I can; If I have time; If you like; If you want (to).
- •In Second and Third Conditional Sentences the modal verbs could and might can be used.
- •Conditional Sentences:
- •Mixed types of sentences of unreal condition
- •Sentences with implied condition
- •Sentences of problematic condition
- •Inversion omission of "if"
- •Conditional sentences (conjunctions)
- •If, unless, in case/just in case, provided (that), providing (that), suppose (that), supposing (that), on condition (that), as long as/so long as, even if, only if, what if.
- •2. The subjunctive mood in object clauses
- •1. Expressing preferences with ‘would rather’ and ‘would sooner’
- •In negative responses, we can omit the infinitive:
- •I would prefer someone to do something.
- •1. Such sentences have a similar meaning to Second Conditional Sentences:
- •2. Such sentences have a similar meaning to Third Conditional Sentences:
- •I'd rather ski than skate.
- •2. Expressing preferences with ‘I prefer’ and ‘I would prefer’
- •4. Would like/would love/would hate. (We use these verbs to make specific offers, requests etc.)
- •5) Compare:
- •3. The subjunctive mood in attributive clauses after the Principal Clause : It is time, It is high time
- •4. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of comparison (or manner)
- •5. The subjunctive mood in predicative clauses
- •6. The subjunctive mood in subject clauses.
- •7. The subjunctive mood in attributive appositive clauses
- •8. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of purpose
- •9. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of concession/concessive clauses.
- •10. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of time and place.
- •11. ‘Emotional should’
- •I. ‘emotional should’ subject clauses.
- •II. ‘emotional should’ object clauses.
- •III. The subjunctive mood with the ‘emotional should’ may also occur in such sentences:
- •5. Note that in sentences of this kind the Indicatives Mood can also be used.
- •12. Indirect speech
- •The use of the subjunctive mood
- •1. Conditional sentences.
- •I wish ...; I wished ...; He wishes ...; They wished ...; You will wish ... .
- •It’s time / It’s high time
- •She were enjoying it she had hurt her leg she didn’t want to come he hadn’t eaten for a week he meant what he was saying
- •Nothing like a good story
- •It’s time / it’s high time
- •Сослагательное наклонение
- •634041, Томск, ул. Герцена, 49. Тел.(3822) 52-12-93.
II. ‘emotional should’ object clauses.
The principal clause is of the type: I’m sorry; I’m glad; ...
I’m sorry как жаль I’m glad рад, доволен, счастлив I am pleased доволен I am vexed мне досадно, раздражен; возмущен I am grieved огорчен I am surprised удивлен |
(that) |
you should do it. he should have done it. she should not apply for the job. she shouldn’t have applied for the job.
you do it. (the Present Subjunctive) he do it. she not apply for the job.
the Indicative Mood: (The rules of the sequence of tenses are observed when the Indicative Mood is used.) |
I am sorry (that) she takes/take/should take such needless trouble. Мне очень жаль, что вы берете на себя такие ненужные заботы.
I am glad (that) they didn’t notice/shouldn’t have noticed me. Я рада, что они меня не заметили.
She was pleased that the proposal had been accepted/should have been accepted. Ей было приятно, что предложение приняли.
I am so vexed (that) you don’t believe/shouldn’t believe me. Мне так досадно, что вы мне не верите.
He was vexed (that) his relatives interfered/interfere/should interfere into his private affairs. Ему досадно, что родственники вмешиваются в его личные дела.
I was so grieved (that) he had betrayed/should have betrayed me. Я был так огорчен, что он предал меня.
III. The subjunctive mood with the ‘emotional should’ may also occur in such sentences:
1. in rhetorical questions beginning with ‘why’.
Why should I do it? С какой стати я буду делать это?
Why shouldn’t you invite him? Почему бы вам ни пригласить его?
Why should you suspect me? С какой стати вы подозреваете меня?
Why should you and I talk about it? К чему нам с вами говорить об этом?
Note: the Present Subjunctive (coinciding with the bare infinitive) can also be used in such sentences. If the question is negative, it expresses ‘suggestion or invitation to a joint action’
Why accuse everybody? К чему всех обвинять?
Why not go there at once?
Why not take a taxi? Почему бы ни взять такси?
2. in the set phrase: ∙ How should I know? Почём я знаю?
3. ∙ I was still busy, when who should come in but Caddy! Я была ещё занята, как вдруг вошла - кто бы вы думали? - Кэдди!
The door opened and who should come in but Tom! Дверь открылась, и кто бы вы думали вошёл? Никто иной, как Том!
As I was crossing the street whom should I meet but Aunt Ann!
4. ∙ To think (that) it should come to this! Только подумать, до чего дошло дело!
To think (that) it should have happened to me! Подумать только, что это произошло со мной!