• 10. The subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of time and place.

The subjunctive mood is used in adverbial clauses of time and place introduced by the conjunctions whenever (когда бы ни; всякий раз, когда) and wherever (где бы ни; куда бы ни); in these cases the clauses have an additional concessive meaning. (whenever, wherever = it is not important when, where; at any time)

We use: the form may/might + Infinitive (i.e. the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary may/might for all persons) if the predicate of the principal clause is in the present or future tense. When the predicate of the principal clause is in the past tense only might is used. (may/might - formal style)

• Whenever you may/might come, you are welcome. Когда бы вы ни пришли, мы вам всегда рады.

• Whenever she might ring me up, she was always complaining. Когда бы она мне ни позвонила, она всегда жаловалась.

• Wherever she may/might live, she will always find friends. Где бы она ни жила, она всегда найдет друзей.

• Wherever she might stay, she always found friends. Где бы она ни останавливалась, она всегда находила друзей.

Note: The Indicative mood is used in adverbial clauses of time and place when the action is considered as an actual fact and not as something supposed (whenever, wherever + Present Simple.)

• Wherever we go on holiday, we take the dog with us.

• Wherever Jane goes, she is mistaken for an actress. Куда бы Джейн ни пошла, её принимают за актрису.

• With a special train ticket you can travel wherever you like in Europe for just over £100.

• Phone me whenever it's convenient.

• She still had access to the Emperor whenever she desired. У нее по-прежнему был доступ к императору в любой момент, когда она этого желала.

• I will hope to visit you whenever I happen to be in London.

• 11. ‘Emotional should’

The subjunctive mood may be used to express an emotional attitude of the speaker to real facts. Here we find the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary should for all persons, which in this case is often called the ‘emotional should’.

In this case the Subjunctive Mood is rendered in Russian by the Indicative Mood.

We find the ‘emotional should’ in different kinds of subordinate clauses:

I. ‘emotional should’ subject clauses.

A. The adjective in the principal clause expresses astonishment, incredulity, regret, joy, etc.

We use: the form should + Infinitive (i.e. the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary should for all the persons; if priority is expressed, we use: the form should + Perfect Infinitive); or the Present Subjunctive (i.e. the same form as the Infinitive without the particle to) (- The rules of the sequence of tenses are not observed.)

or the Indicative Mood.(- The rules of the sequence of tenses are observed.)

It is It was It will be

absurd нелепый, абсурдный; смешной, глупый; забавный, смехотворный amazing поразительный, изумительный, удивительный cruel жестокий; безжалостный, суровый; беспощадный curious любопытный; любознательный, пытливый doubtful вызывающий сомнения; сомнительный fair/unfair справедливый; порядочный, честный/ несправедливый; непорядочный, нечестный fortunate/unfortunate счастливый, удачный/несчастливый, неудачливый funny забавный, смешной; смехотворный; комический incredible невероятный, неправдоподобный, маловероятный, немыслимый inevitable неизбежный, неминуемый, неотвратимый impossible невозможный, невероятный, неправдоподобный interesting интересный natural/unnatural естественный, обычный, нормальный / неестественный, ненормальный, необычный odd странный, чуждый, необычный remarkable замечательный, выдающийся, поразительный sad печальный, грустный, унылый strange странный, необыкновенный; удивительный surprising удивительный, неожиданный, внезапный, непредсказуемый; поразительный terrible страшный, ужасный typical типичный understandable понятный, ясный unthinkable непостижимый; непонятный, невообразимый; невероятный; неправдоподобный usual/unusual обычный, обыкновенный/необычный, необыкновенный; странный wonderful замечательный, изумительный, поразительный, удивительный

that

you should do it. she should not apply for the job. he should have done it. she shouldn’t have applied for the job. you do it. (the Present Subjunctive) he do it. she not apply for the job. the Indicative Mood: (The rules of the sequence of tenses are observed when the Indicative Mood is used.)

• It is/was natural that she not like/shouldn’t like it. Естественно/Было естественно, что ей это не нравится.

• It is natural that she doesn’t like it. Естественно, что ей это не нравится. (the Indicative Mood)

• It was natural that she didn’t like it. Было естественно, что ей это не нравится. (the Indicative Mood).

• It was natural that she hadn’t liked it. Было естественно, что ей это не понравилось.

• It is/was cruel that I (should) make him suffer.

• It is/was funny that we should have forgotten all about it. Забавно/Было забавно, что мы всё забыли об этом.

• It is funny that we forgot all about it. (the Indicative Mood)

• It was funny that we had forgotten all about it. (the Indicative Mood

• It is/was strange that he (should) behave like that. Странно/Было странно, что он ведет себя так.

• It is strange that he should have behaved like that yesterday.

• It is strange that he behaves/behaved like that. (the Indicative Mood)

• It was strange that he had behaved like that. (the Indicative Mood)

• It is sad that you should have heard of it on the day of your wedding.

• It is fortunate that we should have met him. Какая удача, что мы его встретили.

• It is impossible that she should have said it. Не может быть/невозможно, чтобы она это сказала (не могла она это сказать)

B. The adjective in the principal clause expresses possibility, probability. In negative and interrogative sentences should + Infinitive is used.

It is not possible/It is impossible It is not likely/It is unlikely вряд ли, едва ли, невероятно, неправдоподобно It is not probable Is it possible Is it likely Is it probable

that

he should do it? he should have done?

• Is it possible that he should refuse to come?

• It is not possible that he should have guessed it.

Note that in affirmative sentences we use ‘may/might + Infinitive’:

It is possible возможный, вероятный It is probable вероятный, возможный, предполагаемый It is likely вероятный, возможный

(that)

he may do it. he might do it. he may have done it.

• It is possible that he may/might know nothing about it.

• It is possible that he may have won first prize.

• It is likely the weather may change.

The Indicative Mood is also used in such sentences.

• Is it possible that he has lost the key?

• Is it possible that this is true? (= Can this be true? - Неужели это правда?)

• It is impossible that this is true. (= This can’t be true)

• It is not likely that Sue will give up working.

• It is possible that he is having a party tonight.

C. The principal clause is of the type: It is a pity; It is a shame; It is a wonder.

It is a pity жаль It is a shame жаль, досадно, неприятно It is a wonder удивительно It is no wonder неудивительно

(that)

you should do it. she should not apply for the job. he should have done it. she shouldn’t have applied for the job. you do it. (the Present Subjunctive) he do it. she not apply for the job. the Indicative Mood: (The rules of the sequence of tenses are observed in the Indicative Mood)

• It’s a pity that you are/be/should be so absent-minded. Жаль, что ты такой рассеянный.

• It’s a shame that you don’t know/not know/shouldn’t know this.

• It is a wonder that they moved/should have moved to a new flat.