1. Инфинитиву:
You have every reason to bе proud of your students.
У вас есть все основания гордиться вашими студентами.
2. придаточному определительному предложению, вводимому союзом "который".
The patientto have been operated onfeltmuch better.
Больной, которого прооперировали, чувствовал себя гораздо лучше.
3. Инфинитив-определение может иметь модальный оттенок (особенно Indefinite Infinitive Passive). В этом случае ему соответствует в русском языке придаточное определительное предложение с глаголом в будущем времени или с модальностью, выраженной наречиями: необходимо, нужно, можно, нельзя.
This is an operation to bе made immediately.
Это операция, которую надо сделать немедленно.
The analysis to bе carried out next week will help in reduction of air pollution.
Анализ, который будет сделан на следующей неделе, поможет уменьшить загрязнение воздуха.
Примечание: после слов “the first “ - первый, “the last” - последний и т.д. инфинитив переводится определительным придаточным предложением или сказуемым.
Pirogovwas the first [one/specialist]to usethe plaster of Paris casts.
Пирогов был первым, кто применил гипсовую повязку.
Или: Пирогов первый применил гипсовую повязку.
Упражнение 16. Переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на способы перевода инфинитива в функции определения.
1. He had the opportunity to visit a dentist.
2. I have not had time to examine this patient yet.
3. He was the first to come in time.
We have had the opportunity to see a large number of children with severe valvular deformity and to replace surgically their mitral valve.
Due to the tendency of children to swallow the secretions from their lungs, it is unusual for them to produce any expectoration.
6. Every intake of the drug produced vomiting impossible to control.
7. The wish to go out of doors is a natural wish.
The important point to remember is that benign essential hypertension is much commoner than malignant.
One of the criteria to determine antiarrhythmic activity of glucagon was the return of ventricular tachycardia spontaneously.
The tonsils act as a filter to protect the body from invasion of microorganisms.
The surgeon was the first to make an operation on the heart.
Упражнение 17. Переведите предложения, выделив инфинитив в функции определения.
1. The experiment to be made at cur Institute will be very interesting.
2. The patient to be examined at the polyclinic two days ago is hospitalized.
Measures to be taken to protect the health of people are various.
The disinfection of the skin of the region to be operated on is to be carried out carefully.
5. The acuteness of pain is a factor to be taken into consideration in the use of analgesics.
6. The fluid to be evacuated in case of pleurisy must be examined in the laboratory.
7. The actual mechanism of pointing therapy is still a problem to be discussed.
8. This nurse is a person to be fully relied upon.
The amount of plasma to be given in cases of burns depends on the сondition of shock, area of burn, etc.
10. The patient to be operated on was taken to the bathroom and given a general bath.
11. The patient to be brought to the clinic on a stretcher had a very high temperature.
12. Food to be given to children for their proper development must be in needed amount and caloric content.
Упражнение 18. Определите форму и функцию инфинитива в предложении. Переведите.
To protect the patients from the secondary infection they should be sent to bed at the beginning of the attack.
To be admitted to medical practice one has to graduate from a medical institute.
The only treatment is to keep the child as quiet as possible giving him sedatives.
Here is the list of medicines, which are not to be sold without a prescription.
Can anything be done in order to prevent such accidents?
It was very difficult to keep the patient quiet.
Blood count that reveals increased number of monocytes permits to establish a correct diagnosis.
Nerve impulses fail to induce normal muscle contraction.
He is too clever to repeat his mistake.
To exclude this way of administration is sometimes impossible in cases of acute and serious sickness.
A simple way to check patency of the nasal cavity is to bring a gauze thread to the patient's nostrils in turn and ask him to inhale and exhale.
These methods of treating wounds completely eliminated the danger of infecting wounds to be operated on.
Упражнение 19. Закончить предложения, используя инфинитив в функции:
а) подлежащего, употребив соответствующие выражения: “to treat the patient”, “to say such a thing to a child”, “to know English well”.
1. …… was impossible.
2. …… means to be able to speak with the people of the foreign countries.
3. …… is the duty of the doctor.
б) части составного именного сказуемого:
1. Our plan was …..
2. The first thing he did was …..
3. The main problem is .......
4. What I want is …..
в) дополнения:
1. The students were asked ........
2. They have not decided ........
3. The nurse helped ........
4. The doctor promised .......
г) определения, используя инфинитивы, приведенные ниже:
to be spoken about, to bе done, to bе answered, to bе remembered
1. Here are some instructions of the ward doctor ........
2. There are many questions ........
3. This is the man …..
4. These are the words ........
д) обстоятельства цели:
1. I read the text the second time (so as) …..
2. He had to work hard (in order) …..
3. After classes we stayed at the Institute …..
4. ............ we must begin to prepare for exams immediately.
5. ........... you should read more.
е) обстоятельства результата:
1. The students are clever enough …..
2. I don't know him well enough …..
3. The problem was too complicated …..
4. She was too frightened .........