- •Saint Petersburg State University
- •Saint-Petersburg
- •Unit I
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
- •Unit II
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •Adverbs
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
- •Unit III
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •COMPEHENSION CHECK
- •Exercise 2. True or false?
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
- •Unit IV
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
- •Unit V
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
- •Unit VI
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •Unit VII
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
- •Unit VIII
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •Unit IX
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •Unit X
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •Unit XI
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •Adverbs
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •1 - смысловой глагол
- •Unit XII
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •Exercise 1. Insert articles where necessary.
- •Model: may – is allowed to …
- •Unit XIII
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Nouns
- •Verbs
- •Adjectives
- •Adverbs
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •Exercise 1. Insert articles where necessary.
- •Exercise 2. Insert the proper prepositions (of, on, in).
- •Exercise 3. Use the proper grammar forms of the modal verbs a) can, b) may, c) must, d) could instead of their equivalents.
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
- •UNDERSTANDING THE PRINTED TEXT
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
- •UNIT XVII
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
- •UNDERSTANDING THE PRINTED TEXT
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
- •WORD-STUDY
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •INCREASE YOUR VOCABULARY
- •LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
- •WORD-STUDY
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •LANGUAGE ACTIVITY
- •WORD-STUDY
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •COMPREHENSION CHECK
- •INCREASE YOU VOCABULARY
- •Unit XXIV
- •WORD-STUDY
- •Model: The difficulty can be avoided.
- •UNDERSTANDING A PRINTED TEXT
- •Remember!
- •APPENDIX
- •Business Communication
- •II. The job campaign
- •Working Experience
- •CURRICULUM VITAE
- •Education
- •Professional Experience
- •Hobbies and Professional Interests
- •III. Request
- •IV. Claim, protest!
Bonds are usually traded with prices based on a percentage of their original face value. When the piece of a thousand-dollar bond rises by 16/32, or one half of one percent, its value rises by five dollars. Since the original value of the bond and its interest rates do not change, adjusting the bond’s price gives it a new yield. Bond yield calculations are so complex that most traders use calculators to determine which prices bring a bond’s interest rate in line with the changing market.
In the international capital markets, some bonds, such as U. S. Treasury bonds, serve as bellwether indicators of the market as a whole.
Because of the enormous amount of U. S. Treasury debt issued, international investors prefer to use this market for a large part of their trading and investing. U. S. government securities are said to be the most liquid bonds in the world because then can be traded internationally in large quantities at almost any given time.
COMPREHENSION CHECK
Exercise 1. Which of two parallel sentences is true?
1. |
Bonds are traded around the |
1. Bonds are traded around the |
world twenty-four hours a day. |
world in a daytime. |
|
2. |
The largest international |
2. The largest international capital |
capital markets are based in |
markets are based in London, New |
|
London and Paris. |
York and Tokyo. |
|
3. |
Bonds investors usually go |
3. Usually bonds investors buy and |
to professional “market-makers” |
sell their bonds themselves. |
|
who buy and sell their bonds for |
|
|
them. |
|
|
4. |
A trader makes money by |
4. A trader makes money by |
buying bonds at the lower bid |
buying bonds at the higher bid |
|
price and by selling them at the |
price and by selling them at the |
|
higher offer price. |
lower offer price. |
|
Exercise 2. Complete each sentence according to the information in the text.
1.US government securities are said to be…
a)the most liquid bonds in the world.
b)the most convertible bonds.
c)gold bonds.
2.Bonds are usually traded with prices based on a percentage…
a)of their anticipated value.
b)of their original face value.
c)of their redemption value.
3.Some markets are so competitive that the bid and offer prices are quoted in…
a)some percent.
b)fractions of a percent.
c)tiny percentage.
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