Speaking

Exercise 4. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the shape of a cutter in a milling machine?

2. What moves in a milling machine, a table or a cutter?

3. What possible movements has the table of a milling machine?

4. What kind of surfaces and shapes maybe machined by a milling machine?

5. What can we use a drilling machine for?

6. What kinds of drilling machines exist?

7. What is rotated while boring, a cutter or a workpiece?

8. Describe the work of a shaper (planer).

9. What must be done to execute multiple simultaneous cuts on a planer?

10. What is the working tool in a grinder?

11. Can we obtain a very smooth surface after grinding and why?

12. Can we grind fragile materials and why?

Exercise 5. Prepare the oral report of the milling machines applications.

Section V. Numerical control

Grammar : Non-final forms.

Speaking:. Numerical control.

Numerical control

Study vocabulary:

numerical control (NC) – числовое программное управление, ЧПУ

augment – усиливать; повышать, поднимать, увеличивать, расширять

computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine tool – многоцелевой станок с ЧПУ типа CNC

CAD/CAM program – программа из системы CAD (computer-aided design система автоматизированного проектирования) /CAM (computer-aided manufacturing автоматизированное производство)

punch tape – перфолента редко используемый ныне носитель для хранения программ и данных

mylar – майлар (искусственная пленка, напр., для магнитных лент или дисков)

mylar tape – майларовая перфолента

robust – трудный, трудоемкий, требующий затрат сил и энергии

floppy disk – гибкий магнитный диск, дискета

USB (Universal Serial Bus) – универсальная последовательная шина, шина USB стандарт, предложенный в 1995 г. консорциумом из семи ведущих компью­терных и телекоммуникационных фирм ( Compaq, IBM, Intel, NEC, Micrisoft, Digital, Northern Telecom) для обмена данными по недорогой шине между ПК и среднескоростными периферийными устройствами.

flash drive – флэш-память

local area networking = local area network = LAN – локальная [вычислительная] сеть.

encumber – 1) а) загромождать б) усложнять 2) задерживать, затруднять, ме­шать, препятствовать, стеснять

APT automatically programmed tool – станок с автоматическим программным управлением

EIA ( Electronics Industries Alliance) – Альянс отраслей электронной промыш­лен­ности, альянс EIA до октября 1997 г. называлась Electronics Industries Association. Расположенная в США профессиональная организация, разраба­ты­ваю­щая электрические и функциональные стандарты с идентификатором RS (Recommended Standards). Самый известный из её стандартов – RS-232C)

diesinking – нарезание ручьев штампов

engraving – изготовление клише

2.5D surface – 2.5 мерная организация поверхности

relief sculpture – рельефная скульптура

Exercise 1. Match the abbreviation with its full form:

1) NC a) computer-aided design

2) CNC b) Universal Serial Bus

3) CAD c) numerical control

4) CAM d) Electronics Industries Alliance

5) USB e) computer numerical controlled

6) LAN f) local area network

7) APT g) computer-aided manufacturing

8) EIA h) automatically programmed tool

Exercise 2. Define the non-final forms of the verb, their functions and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Numerical control (NC) refers to the automation of machine tools that are operated by abstractly programmed commands encoded on a storage medium, as opposed to manually controlled via handwheels or levers or mechanically automated via cams alone.

2. The first NC machines were built in the 1940s and 50s, based on existing tools that were modified with motors that moved the controls to follow points fed into the system on paper tape.

3. These early servomechanisms were rapidly augmented with analog and digital computers, creating the modern computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine tools that have revolutionized the design process.

4. In modern CNC systems, end-to-end component design is highly automated using CAD/CAM programs.

5. The programs produce a computer file that is interpreted to extract the commands needed to operate a particular machine, and then loaded into the CNC machines for production.

6. In either case the complex series of steps needed to produce any part is highly automated and produces a part that closely matches the original CAD design.

7. This is because it was often easier to add a punch tape reader to a microprocessor controller than it was to re-write large libraries of tapes into a new format.

8. An entire product line of different sizes can be programmed using logic and simple math to create and scale an entire range of parts, or create a stock part that can be scaled to any size a customer demands.

9. It is even possible to build your own.