Объектный инфинитивный оборот

(Complex Object)

Существительное (в общем падеже) или местоимение (в объектном падеже)

инфинитив

Действие, выраженное инфинитивом, выполняет сам объект, а не подлежащее главного предложения.

Например: I have never heard her sing. – Я никогда не слышал, как она поёт.

I want my friends to come. – Я хочу, чтобы он пришёл.

После глаголов, выражающих физическое восприятие (to see, to watch, to hear, to feel), а также to make, to let частица to не употребляется.

Субъектный инфинитивный оборот

(Complex Subject)

Существительное (в общем падеже) или местоимение (в именительном падеже)

сказуемое

инфинитив

Действие, выраженное инфинитивом, выполняет субъект, который является в предложении подлежащим.

Сказуемое может быть выражено

1. глаголами в страдательном залоге (to think, to know, to suppose, to hear, to see, to say, to report, to describe, to order);

2. глаголами в действительном залоге (to seem, to happen, to appear, to prove, to turn out).

Такие предложения соответствуют русским неопределённо-личным предложениям типа «говорят, что…», «думают, что …», «сообщается, что …», «известно, что…» и т.д.

Например: He is said to know several foreign languages. – Говорят, что он знает несколько иностранных языков.

Students seem to be ready. – Кажется студенты готовы.

Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for

(For-to-infinitive construction)

for

Существительное (в общем падеже) или местоимение (в объектном падеже)

инфинитив

Например: It’s difficult for me to translate this text. – Мне трудно перевести этот текст.

I’ve brought two books for my son to read. – Я принесла почитать сыну две книги.

Упражнения для закрепления грамматики:

Exercise 1. Определите форму и функцию инфинитива в следующих предложениях. Переведите их на русский язык.

1. He can’t help you.

2. My son likes to read books.

3. I wanted to answer the letter but then I forgot.

4. The captain was the last man to leave the ship.

5. To save the child he rushed into the burning house.

6. We saw the guests enter the house.

7. We heard somebody open the window, and saw a man walk upstairs.

8. He is considered to be a clever man.

9. He was sees the library at 9 o’clock.

10. He seems to have been writing a test for an hour already.

11. She appeared to know several foreign languages.

12. It is likely to rain.

13. It is necessary for you to know the truth.

14. He spoke too loud for us to hear.

15. Here is a book for you to read.

Exercise 2. Преобразуйте предложения, употребив инфинитив в функции определения.

Образец: He was the first man who arrived. – He was the first man to arrive.

1. He was the first who broke the silence.

2. There are a lot of things that need repairing.

3. Would you be so kind and lend me your umbrella.

4. He wished he had a younger brother with whom he could play.

5. There was no place where he could sit.

6. I can’t go to the party, I have nothing that I can wear.

7. It is convenient that you have a balcony in your flat.

Exercise 3. Преобразуйте предложения, употребив инфинитив в функции обстоятельства.

Образец: They sent me to Paris. They wanted me to learn French. – They sent me to Paris to learn French.

1. She went to London. She wanted to find a job there.

2. I’m buying paint. I want to paint my door.

3. They got up very early. They wanted to get to the top of the hill before sunrise.

4. He rang the bell. He wanted to tell us that dinner was ready.

5. I took off my shoes. I didn’t wasn’t to make any noise.

6. I’m learning Greek. I wish to read Homer.

7. I’m saving money. I want to buy a car.

Exercise 4. Объедините следующие предложения, употребив нужную форму инфинитива.

1. It’s very cold. We can’t bathe.

2. The boy is very young. He can’t have a front-door key.

3. It was very dark. We couldn’t see the car.

4. I sent him out of the room. I wanted to discuss his progress with the headmaster.

5. We sent his children to his sister’s house. He wanted to have some peace.

6. Don’t let the baby play with my glasses. He may break them.

7. We must take our gloves. We don’t want to get frozen.

Exercise 5. Употребите следующие предложения в страдательном залоге, изменив конструкцию.

Образец: People say that he was a clever man.

It is said that he was a clever man.

He is said to be a clever man.

1. They say that paper has been invented in China.

2. Some people consider that Hamlet is the summit of Shakespeare’s art.

3. They say that Nick lived on potatoes and vinegar.

4. People know that he is armed.

5. They believe that he was killed at the front.

6. We expect that the expedition will reach the South Pole in May.

7. We consider that she was the best singer in America.

Exercise 6. Преобразуйте предложения, употребив инфинитив в функции а) сложного дополнения; б) сложного подлежащего. Переведите предложения.

а) Образец: Everybody considers that he is a clever man. – Every body considers him to be a clever man.

I saw as he crossed the street. – I saw him cross the street.

1. I know that she is a good teacher.

2. Everybody believes that he is right.

3. I have never heard how she plays the piano.

4. The student expects that his article will be published.

5. I saw as the driver opened the window and threw a box into the bushes.

6. I felt as somebody looked at me.

7. Nobody heard as he spoke on the telephone.

б) Образец: They say that he lives in Warsaw. – He is said to live in Warsaw.

1. They say that he is one of the best doctors at the hospital.

2. People say this palace will be built in three years.

3. The newspapers report that the President will arrive in Moscow tomorrow.

4. Everybody knows him as a prominent public figure.

5. They say that paper has been invented in China.

6. We expect her to come tomorrow.

7. We know that this student works much.

Exercise 7. Употребите следующие пословицы в кратких ситуациях.

1. To know everything is to know nothing.

2. Talk of the devil and he is sure to appear.

3. Live and let live.

4. To help is human.