- •Практикум по английскому языку Москва
- •Isbn 5-89349-246-3 (Флинта)
- •Предисловие
- •Unit One. The nature of sociology Looking Ahead
- •Learning Objectives
- •Text I. What is sociology?
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Text II. What is sociological theory? origins of sociology
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Revision Exercises on Unit One
- •Unit Two. Methods and techniques of sociological research Looking Ahead
- •Learning Objectives
- •Text III. What is scientific method?
- •In Summary: Scientific Method
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Text IV. Research designs for collecting data. Ethics of research
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Revision Exercises on Unit Two
- •Unit Three. Organizing social life: culture Looking Ahead
- •Learning Objectives
- •Text V. Development of culture
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Text VI. Elements of culture
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Revision Exercises on Unit Three
- •Unit Four. Socialization Looking Ahead
- •Learning Objectives
- •Text VII. The role of socialization. Self-identity and socialization
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Text VIII. Socialization and the life cycle. Agents of socialization
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Revision Exercises on Unit Four
- •Unit Five. Social interaction and social structure. Social control Looking Ahead
- •Learning Objectives
- •Text IX. Social interaction and reality. Elements of social structure
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Text X. Conformity and obedience. Deviance and crime
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Revision Exercises on Unit five
- •Unit Six. Social institutions: the family, the religion Looking Ahead
- •Learning Objectives
- •Text XI. The family: universal but varied
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Text XII. Religion
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Revision Exercises on Unit Six
- •Unit Seven. Social institutions: government and politics. The economy Looking Ahead
- •Learning Objectives
- •Text XIII. Government and politics
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Text XIV. The economy
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Revision Exercises on Unit Seven
- •Unit Eight. Education as a social institution. Social inequality Looking Ahead
- •Learning Objectives
- •Text XV. Education
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Text XV I. Social inequality
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Comprehension exercises
- •Revision Exercises on Unit Eight
Vocabulary practice
I. Read and translate the text using a dictionaryif necessary.
II. Find In the text the English equivalents of the following:
человеческое общество, иметь общее наследие, ценности, передавать из поколения в поколение, если бы не, пройти долгий путь развития, значительные успехи в культуре, несмотря на различия, удовлетворить основные человеческие потребности в, составить список, вызвать дождь, предложить идею (мысль), иметь место (происходить), четко разграничивать, убеждение, оказывать сопротивление чему-либо, рассматриваться, угрожать, испытывать желание, изменить способ видения мира, распространяться, принимать идею (мысль).
III. Supplythe missing words or word combinations choosing among those given below.
1) People in a society are ... of people outside the area. 2) Culture is the ... of learned, socially transmitted behavior. 3) We preserve our ... culture through different means of expression. 4) The study of culture is an important part of ... social work. 5) Through advances in culture human beings have come a long way from our ... . 6) Human cultures change and ... each year. 7) Diffusion can occur .... 8) Sociologists ... a useful distinction between elements of material and nonmaterial culture. 9) Material culture refers to the ... or ... aspects of our daily life. 10)..., the nonmaterial culture is more resistant to ... than the material culture is. 11) Therefore, foreign ideas are viewed as more ... to a culture than foreign products are. 12) We are more willing to use technological innovations that ... than ideologies that ....
make our lives easier, change our way of seeing the world, threatening, generally, change, physical, technological, make, through a variety of means, expand, prehistoric heritage, contemporary, distinctive, totality, relatively independent.
IV. Studythe following words and word combinations and use them in sentences of your own:
to consist of, independent of, outside, to share smth, if it were not for, to come a long way from, to involve doing smth, by contrast, to refer to, to be spread, to occur, to make a distinction between, to bring about smth, to be resistant to, to be viewed as, to be willing to do smth.
Comprehension exercises
I. Reread the text and answer the following questions.
1) How do members of a society learn, transmit and preserve their distinctive culture? 2) Why do you think the study of culture is an important part of contemporary sociological work? 3) What cultural universals do anthropologists consider to be the most common for all human societies? 4) What do cultural universals have in common and what differs them? 5) How do human cultures change and expand? 6) Why do you think sociologists make a useful distinction between elements of material and nonmaterial culture? 7) How can you account for the fact that nonmaterial culture is more resistant to change than material culture?
II. Define the following key terms and memorize the definitions:
society, culture, cultural universals, innovation, discovery, invention, diffusion, material culture, nonmaterial culture.
III. Speak on human culture and Its aspects in brief and illustrate your reports with examples and situations of your own.
IV. Name the cultural universals and comment on them. Why do you think anthropologists have selected these items of human culture as cultural universals?
V. Comment on the statement that culture is the totality of learned, sociallytransmitted behavior.
VI. Give your own examples of innovations (both discoveries and inventions) and diffusions in our daily life.