- •Государственное образовательное учреждение
- •Высшего профессионального образования
- •«Челябинский государственный университет»
- •Методические указания по теме «Артикли»
- •(На английском языке)
- •Classification of nouns
- •The article
- •I. General notion
- •II. The use of articles with common nouns
- •Class nouns
- •Class nouns are used with the indefinite article:
- •Class nouns are used with the definite article:
- •How did you like the play?
- •2) Nouns of material
- •3) Abstract nouns
- •III. Use of articles with proper nouns
- •1) Names of persons
- •2) Geographical names
- •3) Names of Hotels, Ships, Newspapers, Magazines etc.
- •4) Names of Cardinal Points
- •5) Names of Months and Days
- •6) Names of historical periods, events
- •IV. Use of articles with nouns in set expressions
- •V. Use of articles in some syntactic relations
- •1) With predicative nouns
- •2) With nouns in apposition
- •3) Place of the article
- •VI. Special difficulties in the use of articles
- •1) With the nouns day, night, morning, evening
- •2) With names of seasons
- •3) With names of meals
- •4) With names of languages
- •5) With the nouns school, college, bed, prison, jail, court, university, church
- •6) With the noun town
- •VII. Use of articles with nouns modified by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals
- •1) Most
- •2) Few, little
- •3) Two, three, etc.
- •4) Second, third, etc.
- •5) Another – the other
- •6) Last
- •7) Next
- •8) Number
- •VIII. Omission of the article
- •Additional exercises
- •Literature
- •454021 Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129
- •454021 Челябинск, ул. Молодогвардейцев, 57 б
3) Place of the article
The usual place of the article is before the noun if it is not modified by an attribute; if the noun is modified by an attribute, the article is placed before the latter. However, there are cases when the article follows the attribute.
1) The definite article follows the attribute expressed by the pronouns both, all.
Both the stories were interesting.
All the stories were interesting.
2) The indefinite article follows the attribute expressed by an adjective after so, too, as.
It was as black a house inside as outside.
This is too serious a matter to be treated in such a fashion.
3) The indefinite article follows quite, such, what (what in exclamatory sentences).
What a wonderful flower!
She is quiet a child.
The indefinite article either precedes or follows rather.
She was in rather a delicate position.
They interchange a rather heated look.
Exercise 1. Insert articles where necessary.
Mrs. Todgers was … lady, … rather bony and hard – featured lady. (Dickens) 2. It was … quite … way down to … main road and then we walked along … main road about … mile and … half. (Hemingway) 3. She seemed to take rather … fancy to me. (Galsworthy)
Exercise 2. Translate into English.
Такую интересную книгу приятно перечитать. 2. Это довольно интересная статья. 3.Оба письма были отправлены утром. 4. Все документы подписаны. 5. Это слишком сложная проблема, чтобы её можно было решить за такое короткое время.
VI. Special difficulties in the use of articles
1) With the nouns day, night, morning, evening
1) The nouns day, night, morning, evening are used without articles:
if day and morning mean “light” and night and evening mean “darkness”, or if they denote a certain part of the day.
Day broke and we started.
in the expressions by day, at night, from morning till night.
It is easier to work by day than at night.
2) The definite article is used when these nouns are modified by a particularizing attribute or when the situation makes them definite.
He will never forget the day when he met her.
We spent the night in the forest.
3) The indefinite article is used when the noun is modified by a descriptive attribute.
I spent a sleepless night.
When the nouns morning and evening are modified by the adjectives early and late, no articles are used because these adjectives do not describe the morning or night, but only show the time.
It was early morning when the train arrived.
Exercise 1. Insert articles where necessary.
1. Late in … afternoon they went back to London. 2. It was such … cold and windy night that we had to look for shelter. 3. … morning was breaking when we started. 4. It happened on … very day of his arrival. 5. It was … evening when we parted at last. 6. It has been … wonderful evening for me. 7. It is pleasant to go to the country on… warm summer day. 8. … night was so wet that no one was about. 9. … morning was perfect. 10. It is … early morning. 11. … night was silent. 12. I thought it was … morning. 13. It was … late night when he arrived. 24. … evening was still and warm. 15. It all happened early in … morning. 16. What … exciting day it has been! 17. It is … last day that we are together. 18. We arrived there late at … night. … morning we were to begin our work. 19. It was … day to tempt once out – of – doors – cool and bright.
Exercise 2. Insert articles where necessary.
1. Outside it was … night. (Murdoch) 2. It was … warm summer night. (Snow) 3. … night outside seemed very quiet. (Greene) 4. He wondered what hour it was. … sun seemed to indicate … late morning. (Greene) 5. It was early in … afternoon. (Murdoch) 6. … night was … windy one, with broken clouds drifting swiftly across … face of … three – quarter moon. (Conan Doyle) 7. I was up at six in … morning. (I. Shaw) 8. It was about ten o’clock at … night. (Maugham) 9. It was … morning after Roger had talked to me in … Park, and Margaret and I were sitting at breakfast. 10. It was as lovely … morning as one could desire. (Jerome K. Jerome)
Exercise 3. Translate into English.
Утро было холодное и ветреное. 2. Был тёплый летний вечер. 3. Настала ночь, и путешественники решили отдохнуть. 4. Он пишет с утра до ночи. 5. Он провёл бессонную ночь и был очень бледен. 6. Было раннее утро, и все в доме еще спали. 7. Было прекрасное утро – солнечное и тихое. 8. Приятно поехать за город в ясный летний зной.