- •Государственное образовательное учреждение
- •Высшего профессионального образования
- •«Челябинский государственный университет»
- •Методические указания по теме «Артикли»
- •(На английском языке)
- •Classification of nouns
- •The article
- •I. General notion
- •II. The use of articles with common nouns
- •Class nouns
- •Class nouns are used with the indefinite article:
- •Class nouns are used with the definite article:
- •How did you like the play?
- •2) Nouns of material
- •3) Abstract nouns
- •III. Use of articles with proper nouns
- •1) Names of persons
- •2) Geographical names
- •3) Names of Hotels, Ships, Newspapers, Magazines etc.
- •4) Names of Cardinal Points
- •5) Names of Months and Days
- •6) Names of historical periods, events
- •IV. Use of articles with nouns in set expressions
- •V. Use of articles in some syntactic relations
- •1) With predicative nouns
- •2) With nouns in apposition
- •3) Place of the article
- •VI. Special difficulties in the use of articles
- •1) With the nouns day, night, morning, evening
- •2) With names of seasons
- •3) With names of meals
- •4) With names of languages
- •5) With the nouns school, college, bed, prison, jail, court, university, church
- •6) With the noun town
- •VII. Use of articles with nouns modified by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals
- •1) Most
- •2) Few, little
- •3) Two, three, etc.
- •4) Second, third, etc.
- •5) Another – the other
- •6) Last
- •7) Next
- •8) Number
- •VIII. Omission of the article
- •Additional exercises
- •Literature
- •454021 Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129
- •454021 Челябинск, ул. Молодогвардейцев, 57 б
2) Nouns of material
1) With nouns of material used in a general sense, when a certain material as such is meant, no article is used.
Honey is wholesome.
She ran for warm water.
2) When a definite part of the substance is meant (when the noun is modified by a particularizing attribute or is made definite by the situation), the definite article is used.
He gulped down a glass of the sherry which Cornelius had brought. (Heym)
The meat was good and White Fang was hungry. (London)
3) When an indefinite part of the substance is meant, some is used.
We took some bread and cheese with us.
Nouns of material denoting different sorts of material are countable and the articles are used according to the general use of articles with class nouns. This use is very rare.
A pleasure to give a good wine to a young woman who looked so well. (Galsworthy)
Exercise 1. Insert articles where necessary.
1. She hurried in again and found … water almost boiled away. (Lindsay)
2. She went about looking into … dining room, which … had been transformed into … kind of jewel box glowing with … flowers, … silver, … gold, … tinted glass. (Dreiser) 3. Rosa tasted … wine. It was harsh but refreshing. (Murdoch) 4. You drank… wine with breakfast, dinner, and supper, and fifty people always drank it with you. (I. Shaw) 5. She looked with … eager, hungry eyes at … bread and … meat and … beer that … landlady brought her. (Eliot) 6. Without giving her … opportunity to protest any more, he went to … telephone and ordered … coffee and several sandwiches.
Exercise 2. Insert articles or some where necessary.
1. We sipped tea so weak that it tasted like … metal against the teeth. (Snow) 2. You will be wishing to have … tea after your journey, I am thinking. 3. George said that we must take … rug, … soap, … brush and … comb, … tooth – brush, …tooth – powder and … couple of big towels for bathing. (Jerome K. Jerome)
4. … children of his age seldom have natural pleasure in … soap and water. (E. Brontё) 5. He bought … cold beef, and … ham, and … French bread and butter, and came back with his pockets pretty heavily laden. (Dickens) 6. There were two bottles of … wine, … plate of … oranges with … powdered sugar. (Dickens) 7. Here, have … champagne, I quite forgot to offer you any, or would you rather have … tea? (Murdoch) 8. She made … coffee. (Murdoch) 9. … coffee without … bread could never honestly serve as supper. (Saroyan) 10. … rest of us had finished eating, but Cave had cut himself another slice of … cheese. (Snow) 11. Mrs. Leek … frankly gave way to … soft tears while eating … bread – and – butter. (Bennett) 12. You’ve caught cold: I saw you shivering, and you must have … gruel to drive it out.
(E. Brontё)
Exercise 3. Translate into English.
1. Портфель мал, но кожа хорошая. 2. Я люблю зеленый бархат. 3. Он не любил кофе. 4. Ему не понравился кофе. 5. Чай слишком крепкий, а я не люблю крепкий чай. 6. Не забудьте дать кошке молока, у неё теперь котята. 7. Я ходил по аллее и думал о вишневом варенье. (Чехов)