- •Государственное образовательное учреждение
- •Высшего профессионального образования
- •«Челябинский государственный университет»
- •Методические указания по теме «Артикли»
- •(На английском языке)
- •Classification of nouns
- •The article
- •I. General notion
- •II. The use of articles with common nouns
- •Class nouns
- •Class nouns are used with the indefinite article:
- •Class nouns are used with the definite article:
- •How did you like the play?
- •2) Nouns of material
- •3) Abstract nouns
- •III. Use of articles with proper nouns
- •1) Names of persons
- •2) Geographical names
- •3) Names of Hotels, Ships, Newspapers, Magazines etc.
- •4) Names of Cardinal Points
- •5) Names of Months and Days
- •6) Names of historical periods, events
- •IV. Use of articles with nouns in set expressions
- •V. Use of articles in some syntactic relations
- •1) With predicative nouns
- •2) With nouns in apposition
- •3) Place of the article
- •VI. Special difficulties in the use of articles
- •1) With the nouns day, night, morning, evening
- •2) With names of seasons
- •3) With names of meals
- •4) With names of languages
- •5) With the nouns school, college, bed, prison, jail, court, university, church
- •6) With the noun town
- •VII. Use of articles with nouns modified by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals
- •1) Most
- •2) Few, little
- •3) Two, three, etc.
- •4) Second, third, etc.
- •5) Another – the other
- •6) Last
- •7) Next
- •8) Number
- •VIII. Omission of the article
- •Additional exercises
- •Literature
- •454021 Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129
- •454021 Челябинск, ул. Молодогвардейцев, 57 б
2) Geographical names
1) Geographical names are used without articles: France, London.
The same holds good when a geographical name is modified by an attribute in pre-position: North America, Central Asia, northern France, south – eastern Spain.
The word-groups the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom are always used with the definite article.
2) Geographical names modified by a particularizing attribute are used with the definite article.
The Philadelphia into which he was born was a city of fifty hundred. (Dreiser)
3) With names of oceans, seas, rivers, canals, deserts, the definite article is used: the Pacific Ocean, the Black Sea, the Thames, the Ohio River, the Panama Canal, the Sahara Desert.
4) Names of lakes do not take the article if the word lake is used, if it is not mentioned we find the definite article: Lake Ontario, the Ontario.
5) With names of mountain peaks no article is used: Elbrus, Everest.
With names of mountain chains the definite article is used: the Urals, the Alps.
6) With names of single islands there is no article: Madagascar.
With names of groups of islands the definite article is used: the Bermudas.
7) The names of the following towns, countries, provinces are used with the definite article: the Hague, the Netherlands, the Ruhr, the Riviera, the Crimea, the Ukraine, the Caucasus, the Congo, the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Vatican City.
8) Names of streets and squares are used without articles: Oxford Street, Trafalgar Square.
There are some exceptions: the High Street, the Strand, the Pall Mall, the London road, the M6 motorway.
Exercise 1. Insert articles where necessary.
1. … Elbrus is … highest peak of … Caucasus. 2. … Japan is situated on … islands. 3. …London is on …Thames. 4. … Poland is to … west of … Russia. 5. … USA is in … North America. 6. In … north of our country … summer is very short. 7. What is … capital of … Spain? 8. This expedition has just returned from … Antarctic. 9. … Urals separate Europe from … Asia. 10. … Ireland is … island, isn’t it? 11. … Mississippi is … longest river in … world. 12. … names of … rivers, seas and oceans are used with … definite article.13. Turning to … East he saw that … sun had risen. 14. I hear he is off to … Central Africa. 15. … Great Britain lies in … eastern part of … Atlantic Ocean.
Exercise 2. Insert articles where necessary.
1. After … tour in … Austrian Alps they had gone to … Hotel Splendide at … Montreux, in order to enjoy for … day or two … charms of … Lake of … Geneva. (Bennett) 2. Dusk was already falling on … noble curve of … Thanes. 3. In … heart of … Central Asia lies … Khoresm, … small fertile area in … sea of .. sand. 4. “We have been touring … world. We tried South America. We lasted three days in … Australia.” “Have you ever been to … States?”(Amis) 5. Michael looked quizzically at his parent. Did he quite understand … England of to – day?
Exercise 3. Translate into English.
1.Кордильеры находятся в Северной Америке. 2. Берега Рейна очень живописны. 3. Эльбрус – очень красивая гора. 4. “Пиковая дама” была написана Чайковским во Флоренции в 1890 г. 5. Средиземное море находится между Европой, Азией и Африкой. 6. Венеция расположена на берегу Адриатического моря. 7. Ливингстон погиб в Центральной Африке.