- •Государственное образовательное учреждение
- •Высшего профессионального образования
- •«Челябинский государственный университет»
- •Методические указания по теме «Артикли»
- •(На английском языке)
- •Classification of nouns
- •The article
- •I. General notion
- •II. The use of articles with common nouns
- •Class nouns
- •Class nouns are used with the indefinite article:
- •Class nouns are used with the definite article:
- •How did you like the play?
- •2) Nouns of material
- •3) Abstract nouns
- •III. Use of articles with proper nouns
- •1) Names of persons
- •2) Geographical names
- •3) Names of Hotels, Ships, Newspapers, Magazines etc.
- •4) Names of Cardinal Points
- •5) Names of Months and Days
- •6) Names of historical periods, events
- •IV. Use of articles with nouns in set expressions
- •V. Use of articles in some syntactic relations
- •1) With predicative nouns
- •2) With nouns in apposition
- •3) Place of the article
- •VI. Special difficulties in the use of articles
- •1) With the nouns day, night, morning, evening
- •2) With names of seasons
- •3) With names of meals
- •4) With names of languages
- •5) With the nouns school, college, bed, prison, jail, court, university, church
- •6) With the noun town
- •VII. Use of articles with nouns modified by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals
- •1) Most
- •2) Few, little
- •3) Two, three, etc.
- •4) Second, third, etc.
- •5) Another – the other
- •6) Last
- •7) Next
- •8) Number
- •VIII. Omission of the article
- •Additional exercises
- •Literature
- •454021 Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129
- •454021 Челябинск, ул. Молодогвардейцев, 57 б
2) With names of seasons
1) Names of seasons are used without articles if they show a certain time of the year.
It was spring. I like spring.
2) The definite article is used when these nouns are modified by a particularizing attribute or when the situation makes them definite.
It happened in the spring of 1930.
The spring was cold and rainy.
3) The indefinite article is used when these nouns are modified by a descriptive attribute.
It was a cold spring.
When names of seasons are modified by the adjectives early or late, no article is used.
It was early spring.
Exercise 1. Insert articles where necessary.
1. … winter was bitterly cold. 2. It was … early autumn. 3. … summer is my favourite season. 4. October is … rainy month. 5. There are many wonderful verses about … winter. 6. In … spring … days become longer and … nights grow shorter.
7. … children have … long vacations in …summer and … short vacations in winter and spring. 8. … summer is … good time for sports. 9. It was … cold rainy autumn. 10. It is pleasant to go to … country on … hot day in … summer. 11. What is … weather like in Siberia in … winter. 12. … Russian winter is famous for its frosts.
13. Look at … sky. It is covered with … dark clouds. 14. When it is … winter in one part of our country it is already … summer in another.
Exercise 2. Translate into English.
Была ранняя весна. 2. Была дождливая, холодная осень. 3. Осень была исключительно теплая; стояла ясная, солнечная погода. 4. Мое любимое время года – лето. 5. Лето 1941 года было очень жаркое.
3) With names of meals
1) Names of meals are used without articles:
When did you have dinner?
2) The definite article is used when the nouns are modified by a particularizing attribute or when the situation makes the idea definite:
The dinner we have today was very substantial.
3) The indefinite article is used if the name of meal is modified by a descriptive attribute:
After a hearty breakfast they went for a walk.
Exercise 1. Insert articles where necessary.
1. We have … breakfast at 8. 2. When … lunch was over they went upstairs to rest a little. 3. We all agreed that it was … very pleasant dinner. 4. It’s not good to smoke before … breakfast. 5. Nobody objected to … light supper. 6. At … dinner we sat far from each other and could not talk. 7. All that made … excellent breakfast.
8. When I came down to … tea all had already gone. 9. … dinner was marvelous.
10. She was not sure whether she should order … supper herself. 11. It all happened at … official luncheon. 12. When … dinner was over she decided to talk with him. 13. As for … supper itself it was …. very tasty one. 14. … breakfast was bacon and eggs and coffee. 15. We must organize … little dinner to celebrate the event. 16. If you come half an hour before … supper you will always find him at home. 17. After dinner sit a while, after … supper walk a mile. 18. That night we had … lonely little dinner. 19. She came down to … breakfast. 20. I shall speak to him at … dinner.
Exercise 2. Translate into English.
Мы позавтракали в 8 часов. 2. Завтрак состоял из хлеба, сыра и кофе. 3. Не опаздывайте к обеду. 4. Обед еще не готов. 5. Наши знакомые пригласили нас на обед.