Terekhova_E_Dvustoronniy_perevod_obshchestvenn

(4)Scope of Work

üЧто стоит за заголовком данного текста?

üКакие оценочные и/или стилистически окрашенные средства характеризуют данный текст?

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) works in three broad areas to meet the Bogor Goals of free and open trade and investment in the Asia Pacific by 2010 for developed economies and 2020 for developing economies.

Known as APEC’s ‘Three Pillars’, APEC focuses on three key areas:

•Trade and Investment Liberalization

•Business Facilitation

•Economic and Technical Cooperation

The outcomes of these three areas enable APEC Member Economies to strengthen their economies by pooling resources within the region and achieving efficiencies. Tangible benefits are also delivered to consumers in the APEC region through increased training and employment opportunities, greater choices in the mar ketplace, cheaper goods and services and improved access to inter national markets.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 106

üПроизведите компрессию текста (4), используя лексические и грамматические при¸мы переводческих трансформаций.

üДайте ваши дефиниции словам Three Pillars è Tangible. Эти слова можно отнести к эмоционально маркированным?

(5)Trade and Investment Liberalization

üОпределите средства связности в данном тексте.

190

Trade and Investment Liberalization reduce and eventually eliminate tariff and non tariff barriers to trade and investment.

Protectionism is expensive because it raises prices for goods and services. Thus, Trade and Investment Liberation focuses on opening markets to increase trade and investment among economies, result ing in economic growth for APEC Member Economies and increased standard of living for all.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 107

üЗапишите в диагональной записи выделенное в тексте (5) предложение.

(6)Business Facilitation

üОпределите функциональный стиль публикации. На каком основании вы это сделали?

Business Facilitation focuses on reducing the costs of business transactions, improving access to trade information and aligning policy and business strategies to facilitate growth, and free and open trade. Essentially, Business Facilitation helps importers and exporters in Asia Pacific meet and conduct business more efficient ly, thus reducing costs of production and leading to increased trade, cheaper goods and services and more employment opportunities due to an expanded economy.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 108

üВ тексте (6) приведите письменно русские эквиваленты выделенным словам и выражениям. Какой общий компонент значе- ния (общий знаменатель) объединяет все эти слова?

(7)Economic and Technical Cooperation (ECOTECH)

ECOTECH is dedicated to providing training and cooperation to build capacities in all APEC Member Economies to take advan

191

tage of global trade and the New Economy. This area builds capaci ty at the institutional and personal level to assist APEC Member Economies and its people gain the necessary skills to meet their economic potential.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 109

üНайдите русский эквивалент аббревиатуре ECOTECH.

ASEAN: ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS

“Today, ASEAN is not only a well functioning, indispensable reality in the region. It is a real force to be reckoned with far beyond the region. It is also a trusted partner of the United Nations in the field of development…”

Kofi Annan

Secretary-General of the United Nations 16 February 2000

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 110

üВыполните письменный перевод цитаты Генерального Секретаря ООН Кофи Аннана. Расположите перевод и оригинал высказывания в две колонки. Объясните, почему русский перевод больше по объему английского оригинала?

ESTABLISHMENT AND MEMBERSHIP

üНайдите в словаре дефиниции слова Establishment. В каком значении это слово употреблено в данном тексте?

üОпределите функционально-стилевую принадлежность публикации.

(1) The Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN (см. рис. 14, стр. 249) was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok

192

by the five original Member Countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Brunei Darus salam joined on 8 January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Laos and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999. The ASEAN region has a population of about 500 million, a total area of 4.5 million square kilometers, a combined gross domestic product of US$737 billion, and a total trade of US$ 720 billion.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 111

üЗапишите в диагональной записи предложение (1) текста “Establishment and membership”.

üПроизнесите быстро вслед за преподавателем или своим партнером в паре нижеследующие выражения, содержащие цифровую информацию.

üРазместите эти же выражения с цифрами в колонку и проделайте ту же работу. В каком случае вам было легче произносить цифры?

On 8 August 1967; on 8 January 1984; on 28 July 1995; on 23 July 1997; on 30 April 1999; a population of about 500 million; a total area of 4.5 million square kilometers; a combined gross domes tic product of US$737 billion, and a total trade of US$ 720 billion.

(a) Objectives

üПереведите следующие тексты (a), (b) и (c) с листа.

üК каким переводческим средствам/при¸мам можно отнести наличие в тексте цифр (i), (ii)?

The ASEAN Declaration states that the aims and purposes of the Association are: (i) to accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavors in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful communi

193

ty of Southeast Asian nations, and (ii) to promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries in the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter.

In 1995, the ASEAN Heads of States and Government re affirmed that “Cooperative peace and shared prosperity shall be the fundamental goals of ASEAN.”

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 112

üС помощью какого одного предложения текста (а) можно передать основное содержание этого текста?

(b) Fundamental principles

üОпределите функциональный стиль данного документа?

üКакие грамматические структуры и/или слова подтверждают ваше мнение?

The Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) in Southeast Asia, signed at the First ASEAN Summit on 24 February 1976, declared that in their relations with one another, the High Contracting Parties should be guided by the following fundamental principles:

•Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations;

•The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion or coercion;

•Non interference in the internal affairs of one another;

•Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner;

•Renunciation of the threat or use of force; and

•Effective cooperation among themselves.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 113

üЗапишите в диагональной записи текст (b) (см. Приложения).

194

(c) Political cooperation

üНайдите прецизионную лексику в данном тексте (цифры, имена собственные, географические названия, аббревиатуры и т.д.).

üВ противовес прецизионной лексике назовите также информационно значимую лексику, т.е. такую, которая несет основную информацию о предмете.

The TAC stated that ASEAN political and security dialogue and cooperation should aim to promote regional peace and stability by enhancing regional resilience. Regional resilience shall be achieved by cooperating in all fields based on the principles of self-confidence, self-reliance, mutual respect, cooperation, and solidarity, which shall constitute the foundation for a strong and viable community of nations in Southeast Asia.

Some of the major political accords of ASEAN are as follows:

•ASEAN Declaration, Bangkok, 8 August 1967;

•Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality Declaration, Kuala Lumpur, 27 November 1971;

•Declaration of ASEAN Concord, Bali, 24 February 1976;

•Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia, Bali, 24 February 1976;

•ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea, Manila, 22 July 1992;

•Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone, Bangkok, 15 December 1997; and

•ASEAN Vision 2020, Kuala Lumpur, 15 December 1997.

•Declaration of ASEAN Concord II, Bali, 7 October 2003

The ASEAN Security Community is envisaged to bring ASEAN’s political and security cooperation to a higher plane to ensure that countries in the region live at peace with one another and with the world at large in a just, democratic and harmonious environment.

In 1992, the ASEAN Heads of State and Government declared that ASEAN should intensify its external dialogues in political and

195

security matters as a means of building cooperative ties with states in the Asia Pacific region. Two years later, the ASEAN Regional Forum or ARF was established. The ARF aims to promote confidence building, preventive diplomacy and conflict resolution in the region. The pres ent participants in the ARF include: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Canada, China, European Union, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Mongolia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, the Russian Federation, Singapore, Thailand, the United States, and Vietnam.

Through political dialogue and confidence building, no tension has escalated into armed confrontation among ASEAN members since its establishment more than three decades ago.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 114

üКакие, по-вашему, из нижеприведенных слов и выражений можно отнести к политическому лексикону? Почему?

üВыпишите эти слова и найдите их русские эквиваленты.

The TAC; ARF; regional resilience; to promote; to envisage; to achieve; to ensure; by cooperating in; principles of self confidence, self reliance, mutual respect, cooperation, and solidarity; to consti tute; a strong and viable community of nations in Southeast Asia; major political accords; through confidence building; no tension escalated into armed confrontation; Declaration of ASEAN Concord; Treaty of Amity and Cooperation; Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon Free Zone; as a means of building cooperative ties with; ASEAN Regional Forum.

üКакие грамматические средства при переводе данного текста обеспечивают его компрессию?

üНазовите средства связности текста.

ECONOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL COOPERATION

üЧто стоит, по вашему мнению, за темой данного текста, “Economic and functional cooperation”? Что предполагает слово «функциональное» сотрудничество?

196

üВыпишите каждое первое предложение в абзаце, чтобы полу- чить краткое содержание всего текста.

When ASEAN was established, trade among the Member Countries was insignificant. Estimates between 1967 and the early

1970s showed that the share of intra-ASEAN trade from the total trade of the Member Countries was between 12 and 15 percent. Thus, some of the earliest economic cooperation schemes of ASEAN were aimed at addressing this situation. One of these was the Preferential Trading Arrangement of 1977, which accorded tariff preferences for trade among ASEAN economies. Ten years later, an Enhanced PTA

Program was adopted at the Third ASEAN Summit in Manila further increasing intra-ASEAN trade.

The Framework Agreement on Enhancing Economic Cooperation was adopted at the Fourth ASEAN Summit in Singapore in 1992, which included the launching of a scheme toward an ASEAN Free Trade Area or AFTA. The strategic objective of AFTA is to increase the ASEAN region’s competitive advantage as a single production unit. The elimination of tariff and non tariff barriers among the member countries is expected to promote greater economic efficiency, productivity, and competitiveness. The Fifth ASEAN Summit held in Bangkok in 1995 adopted the Agenda for Greater Economic Integration, which included the acceleration of the timetable for the realization of AFTA from the original 15year timeframe to 10 years.

In 1997, the ASEAN leaders adopted the ASEAN Vision 2020, which called for ASEAN Partnership in Dynamic Development aimed at forging closer economic integration within the region. The vision statement also resolved to create a stable, prosperous and highly competitive ASEAN Economic Region, in which there is a free flow of goods, services, investments, capital, and equitable economic development and reduced poverty and socio economic disparities. The Hanoi Plan of Action, adopted in 1998, serves as the first in a series of plans of action leading up to the realization of the ASEAN vision.

In addition to trade and investment liberalization, regional eco nomic integration is being pursued through the development of

197

Trans ASEAN transportation network consisting of major interstate highway and railway networks, principal ports and sea lanes for maritime traffic, inland waterway transport, and major civil aviation links. ASEAN is promoting the interoperability and interconnectivity of the national telecommunications equipment and services. Building of Trans-ASEAN energy networks, which consist of the ASEAN Power Grid and the Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline Projects are also being developed.

ASEAN cooperation has resulted in greater regional integra tion. Within three years from the launching of AFTA, exports among

ASEAN countries grew from US$43.26 billion in 1993 to almost US$80 billion in 1996, an average yearly growth rate of 28.3 percent. In the process, the share of intra-regional trade from ASEAN’s total trade rose from 20 percent to almost 25 percent. Tourists from ASEAN countries themselves have been representing an increasingly important share of tourism in the region. In 1996, of the 28.6 million tourist arrivals in ASEAN, 11.2 million or almost 40 percent, came from within ASEAN itself.

Today, ASEAN economic cooperation covers the following areas: trade, investment, industry, services, finance, agriculture, forestry, energy, transportation and communication, intellectual property, small and medium enterprises, and tourism.

Desiring to build a community of caring societies, the ASEAN leaders resolved in 1995 to elevate functional cooperation to a high er plane to bring shared prosperity to all its members. The Framework for Elevating Functional Cooperation to a Higher Plane was adopted in 1996 with a theme: “Shared prosperity through human development, technological competitiveness, and social cohesiveness.” Functional cooperation is guided by the following plans:

•ASEAN Plan of Action on Social Development;

•ASEAN Plan of Action on Culture and Information;

•ASEAN Plan of Action on Science and Technology;

•ASEAN Strategic Plan of Action on the Environment;

•ASEAN Plan of Action on Drug Abuse Control; and

•ASEAN Plan of Action in Combating Transnational Crime

198

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 115

üСгруппируйте по отраслям нижеприведенные выделенные в тексте (стр. 196–198) слова и выражения. Найдите им русские эквиваленты:

insignificant trade;

to be aimed at addressing the situation; to accord tariff preferences for trade; to further increase intra ASEAN trade;

the Preferential Trading Arrangement (PTA);

an Enhanced PTA Program was adopted at the Third ASEAN Summit in Manila;

further increasing intra ASEAN trade; an ASEAN Free Trade Area or AFTA; competitive advantage;

the elimination of tariff and non tariff barriers among the mem ber countries;

Agenda for Greater Economic Integration;

free flow of goods, services, investments, capital, and equitable economic development;

reduced poverty and socio economic disparities; Major inter state highway and railway networks; principal ports and sea lanes for maritime traffic; inland waterway transport;

major civil aviation links;

the interoperability and interconnectivity of the national telecommunications equipment and services;

Trans ASEAN energy networks; the ASEAN Power Grid;

the Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline Project.

УПРАЖНЕНИЕ 116

üПроизнесите почти синхронно вслед за преподавателем слова и выражения, содержащие цифровую информацию.

üПодберите английские эквиваленты передачи этих же выражений.

199