- •Contents
- •Acknowledgements
- •Introduction
- •How to use this book
- •Glossary of grammatical terms
- •A note on Chinese characters
- •1. Overview of pronunciation and Pinyin romanization
- •2. Syllable, meaning, and word
- •3. The Chinese writing system: an overview
- •4. Phrase order in the Mandarin sentence
- •5. Nouns
- •6. Numbers
- •9. Noun phrases
- •10. Adjectival verbs
- •11. Stative verbs
- •12. Modal verbs
- •13. Action verbs
- •14. Prepositions and prepositional phrases
- •15. Adverbs
- •16. Conjunctions
- •17. The passive
- •18. Names, kinship terms, titles, and terms of address
- •19. Introductions
- •20. Greetings and goodbyes
- •21. Basic strategies for communication
- •22. Telecommunications and e-communications: telephones, the internet, beepers, and faxes
- •23. Negating information
- •24. Asking questions and replying to questions
- •26. Describing people, places, and things
- •27. Describing how actions are performed
- •28. Indicating result, conclusion, potential, and extent
- •29. Making comparisons
- •30. Talking about the present
- •31. Talking about habitual actions
- •32. Talking about the future
- •33. Indicating completion and talking about the past
- •34. Talking about change, new situations, and changing situations
- •35. Talking about duration and frequency
- •36. Expressing additional information
- •37. Expressing contrast
- •38. Expressing sequence
- •39. Expressing simultaneous situations
- •40. Expressing cause and effect or reason and result
- •41. Expressing conditions
- •42. Expressing ‘both,’ ‘all,’ ‘every,’ ‘any,’ ‘none,’ ‘not any,’ and ‘no matter how’
- •43. Expressing location and distance
- •44. Talking about movement, directions, and means of transportation
- •45. Talking about clock time and calendar time
- •46. Expressing obligations and prohibitions
- •47. Expressing commands and permission
- •48. Expressing ability and possibility
- •49. Expressing desires, needs, preferences, and willingness
- •50. Expressing knowledge, advice, and opinions
- •51. Expressing fear, worry, and anxiety
- •52. Expressing speaker attitudes and perspectives
- •53. Topic, focus, and emphasis
- •54. Guest and host
- •55. Giving and responding to compliments
- •56. Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction
- •57. Expressing gratitude and responding to expressions of gratitude
- •58. Invitations, requests, and refusals
- •59. Expressing apologies, regrets, sympathy, and bad news
- •60. Expressing congratulations and good wishes
- •Index
EXPRESSING CONGRATULATIONS AND GOOD WISHES
60
Expressing congratulations and good wishes
60.1General expressions of congratulations and good wishes
The following expressions may be used to extend congratulations in any occasion. Each is followed by an illustration of its use.
gSngxM! ‘congratulations’
Gsngxm! Gsngxm!
Congratulations!
(As an expression of congratulations, the word is often said twice.)
!"!"
Gsngxm fpcái!
Wishing you a prosperous New Year! (standard New Year greeting)
/ zhù hè ‘congratulations’
!"#$!"#$
Zhù hè kpizhpng dàjí.
Wishing you extraordinary good luck on your great business opening.
/ qìngzhù ‘celebrate’
!"#$!"#$
Qìngzhù jiéhtn jìniàn.
Congratulations on your wedding anniversary.
!"!"
Qìngzhù xrn htn.
Congratulations on your wedding. (on your new marriage)
!"!"
Qìngzhù kpi yè.
Congratulations on your new business.
384
Fixed phrases of congratulations and good wishes for special events |
60.2 |
!"#$!"#$
Qìngzhù bìyè diknlm.
Congratulations on your graduation.
60.2Fixed phrases of congratulations and good wishes for special events
Occasion |
Phrase of congratulations and good wishes |
New Year |
!" |
|
!"=(traditional greeting) |
|
Gsngxm fp cái! |
|
Congratulations and get rich! |
|
!" |
|
Xrn chtn dà xm! |
|
Wishing you great happiness at the new year! |
|
!" |
|
!" |
|
Xrnnián kuàilè! |
|
Happy New Year! (Western influenced greeting) |
Christmas |
!" |
|
!" |
|
Shèngdàn kuàilè! |
|
Merry Christmas! |
Wedding |
|
|
Gsngxm! |
|
Congratulations! |
|
!" |
|
Tipn zuò zhr hé! |
|
A match made in heaven! |
|
!" |
|
Bki nián hko hé! |
|
A happy union lasting 100 years! |
|
!" |
|
!" |
|
Báitóu xiélko! |
|
Growing old together in happiness! |
Birthday |
|
|
Gsngxm! |
|
Congratulations! |
|
!"#$ |
|
!"#$ |
|
Zhù nm shqngrì kuàilè! |
|
Wishing you a happy birthday! |
|
(Western influenced greeting) |
385
EXPRESSING CONGRATULATIONS AND GOOD WISHES |
60.2 |
Birth of child (a new birth is celebrated when the child is a month old)
Birthday of someone 60 years old or older
Graduation
Good wishes for a business
Í20.3
!"!"
Chángmìng bki suì!
May you live to be 100 years old!
!"#$%&'()!"#$%&'()
Zhù nm shòu bm nán shpn, fú rú dsng hki.
I wish you a long life (live as long as the south mountain) and great fortune (as great as the east sea).
!"#$%!"#$%
Zhù hè nm qiántú wúliàng.
Wishing you boundless prospects.
!"#$
Zhù nm qiántú gupngmíng.
Wishing you a bright future.
!"#$!"#$
Zhù nm péngchéng wànlm.
Wishing you a promising future.
!"!"
Kpi shì dà jí!
!"!"
Kpi zhpng dà jí!
!"!"
Kpi yè dàjí!
Wishing you great luck in your new business!
!"#$!"#$
Zhù hè shqngyi xrnglóng!
Wishing you booming business!
!"#$!"#$
Zhù hè cáiyuán màoshèng!
Wishing you abundant wealth!
386
Replying to expressions of congratulations and good wishes |
60.3 |
60.3Replying to expressions of congratulations and good wishes
When someone congratulates you, you can reply by saying:
|
or |
or !"# |
|
|
!"# |
Xièxiè. |
Dus xiè. |
Xièxie nm de hkoyì. |
Thanks. |
Thanks. |
Thank you for your good wishes. |
To give a more formal reply, say:
!"#$!"#$
Dus xiè nm de jíyán.
Thank you for your good wishes.
387