- •Theory of translation Topic 2 Lexical Translation Techniques
- •Read the information, be ready to speak about generalization, provide your own examples:
- •Read the sentences and say which of the synonyms should be used in them (each synonym is to be used only once). Explain your choice by specifying the differential seme responsible for the meaning.
- •Translate the sentences into Russian. Say what translation techniques you used to render the meaning of the synonyms.
- •Study the information, be ready to speak about modulation, provide your own examples:
- •Translate the sentences into Russian using the translation techniques suggested.
- •Study the information and be ready to discuss transliteration and transcription, provide your own examples.
- •Translate the following names a) if they are the names of biblical personages, b) if they are the names of real people. Comment on the translation techniques you used
- •Use loan translation to render the meaning of the following words and phrases.
- •Translate the sentences into the tl using explication or implication.
- •Translate the sentences into the tl using commentary if necessary.
- •Read the information and prepare to discuss metaphorization, demetaphorization, emphatization, and neutralization. Provide your own examples.
- •Translate the sentences into the tl and comment on the transformations.
- •Study the information and get ready to discuss compensation. Provide your own examples.
- •Match the terms denoting translation techniques with their Russian equivalents.
Translate the sentences into the tl using commentary if necessary.
In many parts of Great Britain, the custom of First-footing in the early hours of January 1st is kept with great vigour. The First Foot comes as soon as possible after midnight has struck.
If you burn a Yule log this Christmas, keep the ashes to burry along with your plant seeds in the spring. Superstition dictates that you’ll be assured of a bumper crop.
If you make a calennig for New Year’s Day don’t through it away afterwards. Put it to stand on your window sill and it will bring you good luck for as long as it stands there.
Read the information and prepare to discuss metaphorization, demetaphorization, emphatization, and neutralization. Provide your own examples.
METAPHORIZATION consists in preserving a SL metaphor in the TL translation (On the opposite bank an emerald ribbon of fields and foliage bordered the river = Противоположный берег реки окаймляла изумрудная зелень полей и деревьев).
The opposite technique is DEMETAPHORIZATION, which is omitting the SL metaphor for the sake of denotational meaning (he was pitchforked to the post = его неожиданно назначили на пост).
EMPHATIZATION is another technique. It is similar to metaphorization but unlike metaphorization which helps the translator to preserve emotive connotation, emphatization is aimed at preserving evaluative semes (old lady = старушка, старуха, старушенция).
The opposite of emphatization is NEUTRALIZATION (старушенция = old lady, old girl).
What groups of words (see task 1) can be translated with the help of these techniques? Think of your own examples.
Translate the sentences into the tl and comment on the transformations.
The cat sat bolt upright on the seat opposite ours, staring out the window, pretending not to eavesdrop on our conversation.
The clouds on Emerson's noble brow cleared.
Years had passed since I last beheld the plain of Amarna, yet in eternal Egypt a decade is no more than the blink of an eye.
Any artifact made of or covered with gold could start the gossip mills grinding.
I passed a crocodile of choir boys, in starched collars and peculiar caps, on their way to Tom Gate.
Study the information and get ready to discuss compensation. Provide your own examples.
One more transformation is COMPENSATION. The translator should compensate for the losses inevitable in translation. Compensation can consist in using lexical means instead of grammatical or stylistic ones and vice versa (“I’m nothing to you - not so much as them slippers”. “Those slippers” = “Я для вас ничто, хуже вот этих туфлей” “Туфель”).
Translate the sentences resorting to compensation when necessary. Comment on the translation transformations you used.
You could tell he was ashamed of his parents, because they said “he don’t” and “she don’t” and stuff like that.
We went on a woller coaster. Oscar was scared, but I wasn’t. And it was weally fast (a child’s speech).