- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Engineering is one of the oldest occupations in the history of mankind
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •History of Mechanical Engineering
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate into Ukrainian the following text. Engineering materials
- •3. Find the answers to the questions in the text.
- •Mechanical Properties of Materials
- •2. Listen to the text “The Materials Cycle and the Role of Materials science and Engineering” and try to understand it.
- •3. True or false statements.
- •4. Listen to the text once again and answer the following questions.
- •V. Communicative skills
- •1. The elements which are the building blocks for all materials.
- •3. Physical and some other properties of Materials.
- •Physical and Some Other Properties of Materials
- •4. Properties of Materials.
- •Analyze the table “Properties” below.
- •Resume, what do Properties of Materials imply? Tell about Mechanical, Physical, Chemical, Dimensional properties of Materials particularly.
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian.
- •For structural and wear applications
- •3. Find the answers to the questions in the text.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Non-metallic Materials. Advantages and Limitations of Non-metallic Materials for Structural and Wear Application”.
- •III. Rendering
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian. Metals. Iron and Steel
- •3. Find the answers to the questions in the text.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Metals. Iron and Steel”
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Classification of iron and steel. Methods of manufacture
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Heat Treatment of Steels. Heat Treatment Operations
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Heat Treatment of Steels”
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Heat-Treatment Operations
- •I. Reading skills
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian.
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Non-ferrous metals and their alloys. Aluminum”.
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Other engineering metals and their alloys
- •2. Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian. Lathes
- •3. Find the answers to the questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words and word-combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Lathes”
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text about machining of metals, analyze the table and translate all the information into Ukrainian using a dictionary. Machining of metals
- •2. Read and translate into Ukrainian the following text. Cutting Tools
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Complete the sentences.
- •5. Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •6. True or false statements.
- •II. Retell the text “Cutting Tools”.
- •III. Rendering
- •1. Read the text and analyze the pictures.
Mechanical Properties of Materials
In both manufacturing and construction, mechanical engineers develop methods for making products. They need to know the properties of materials to be used.
Mechanical properties have to do with how a material reacts to loads and forces. Testing can determine mechanical properties. By means of testing, the best material for a product can be chosen.
Ductility
If a material has high ductility, its shape can be changed without breaking it. Aluminum is very ductile. This is why it is used in foils, such as food wraps, that are meant to be shaped or folded.
Elasticity
If a material is elastic, it can be pulled or pushed out of shape, but it will return to its original shape.
Brittleness
When a force is applied to brittle materials, they break easily.
Hardness
A hard material cannot be scratched or dented easily.
Tensile strength
Tensile strength is the ability of a material to resist being pulled apart. Materials with tensile strength are usually very dense or compact.
Compressive strength
Compressive strength is the opposite of tensile strength. It is the ability of a material to resist being crushed.
Shear strength
Shearing is pushing a material in opposite directions at the same time. This is what happens when you tear a sheet of paper in half. You pull one half toward you and the other half away from you.
Fatigue strength
When you’re fatigued, you’re tired. Fatigue strength is the ability to carry a load over and over again without wearing out. The metal used to make airplanes must have fatigue strength. Otherwise, over time the plane will develop fatigue cracks.
Torsion strength
Torsion is a kind of twisting action. A material that has high torsion strength cannot be twisted easily.
Impact strength
Impact strength is the ability of a material to withstand a sudden blow.
Creep. It is a time-dependent permanent strain under stress.
2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
3. Give the summary of the text according to your plan in a written form.
IV. Comprehensive skills
1. Read and remember.
beneficiation [͵benifiʹkei∫(ə)n] n збагачення
energy consumption [ʹenədʒi][kənʹsʌmp∫(ə)n] n згоряння енергії
pulping [ʹpʌlpiŋ] n подрібнення, перетворення в м'яку масу
purification [͵pjuərifiʹkei∫(ə)n] n очищення
refining [riʹfainiŋ] n рафінація, перегонка
to consume [kənʹsju:m] v споживати
to take smth for granted - прийняти щось як належне
wide-spread [ʹwaidspred] adj широко розповсюджений
2. Listen to the text “The Materials Cycle and the Role of Materials science and Engineering” and try to understand it.
3. True or false statements.
Materials are so wide-spread, that we often take them for granted.
Materials are substances having properties which don’t make them useful in machines, structures, devices and products.
Every stage of the cycle consumes energy.
The engineering materials are fashioned into shapes and parts to make a useful end-product.
The materials cycle is an isolated structure.